Multiple Block Diagram

Reduction
Objective:

Reduce block diagram of multiple

subsystems to a single block
representing the transfer function.
What is a Block Diagram?
 A shorthand pictorial
representation of the
cause and effect
relationship between
the input and output of
a physical system
Block diagram of a linear time – invariant
system consists of four elements:
Block diagram of a linear time – invariant
system consists of four elements:
Summing Junction
the characteristic of summing
junction is that the output
signal is the algebraic sum of
the input signals
Block diagram of a linear time – invariant
system consists of four elements:
Pick – off Points
Distributes the input signal
𝑅(𝑠), undiminished , to several
output points.
The three fundamental configurations in
which blocks can be connected:
Cascade form
Parallel form
Feedback form
The three fundamental configurations
in which blocks can be connected:
Cascade form:
 Can be algebraically
combined by multiplication
of transfer functions
 Each signal is derived from
the product of the input
times the transfer function
The three fundamental configurations
in which blocks can be connected:
Parallel Form
 Parallel subsystems have a common input and output
 Any finite number of blocks can be algebraically
combined by either addition or subtraction
The three fundamental configurations
in which blocks can be connected:
Feedback Form
Moving Blocks to Create Familiar
Forms:
Moving a block to the left past a summing junction
Moving Blocks to Create Familiar
Forms:
Moving a block to the right past a summing junction
Moving Blocks to Create Familiar
Forms:
Moving a block to the left past a pick off points
Moving Blocks to Create Familiar
Forms:
Moving a block to the right past a pick off points
Example:
Reduce the block diagram to a single transfer
function:
Example:
Reduce the block diagram to a single transfer
function:
Example:
Reduce the block diagram to a single transfer
function: