CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

SCIENCE 6 – SECOND QUARTER

 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Also known as cardiovascular system.
It is considered as the main transport system of the
body.
It is responsible for the transport of water, nutrients,
and oxygen to the body cells and carries carbon
dioxide and other wastes to excretory organs.
Three major parts: the heart, the blood, and the
blood vessels.
The Heart
 The Heart Muscle
It is made up of cardiac muscle cells.
It is located in the middle of the chest with its apex
(lowermost part) tilted to the left side.
It is enclosed by the pericardium (thin but very
strong sac).
It has four chambers:
left and right atria/ auricles – upper chamber
left and right ventricles – lower chamber
Parts of the Heart
 Parts of the Heart
The heart has four different hollow areas
called chambers.
There are two chambers on each side of
the heart.
Each chamber is separated by a valve,
which is a flap of tissue that opens and
closes to keep blood flowing in the right
direction.
 Parts of the Heart
The two chambers on top are called the
atria/ auricles. The atria are the chambers
that fill with blood.
The two chambers on the bottom are called
the ventricles. They pump the blood out of
the heart, first to the lungs and later to the
rest of the body.
The septum is a thick wall of muscle that
separates the two sets of chambers. It
separates the left and rights sides of the
 Parts of the Heart
The atria, ventricles, and valves work
together to pump blood.
The atria fill with blood, then pump it into
the ventricles.
The ventricles pump the blood out of the
heart.
 Parts of the Heart
The heart has four different hollow areas
called chambers.
There are two chambers on each side of
the heart.
Each chamber is separated by a valve,
which is a flap of tissue that opens and
closes to keep blood flowing in the right
direction.
 Cycle of the Heart
The blood in our bodies is used over and
over again.
Its movement through the heart and
around the body is called circulation and
can be viewed as a cycle.
Beginning at the left side of your heart,
fresh, clean oxygen-rich blood is pumped
around our bodies. The cells throughout
our bodies take the oxygen from the blood
 Cycle of the Heart
The cells create carbon dioxide and other
wastes that must be removed to keep the
cells healthy.
The blood is responsible for picking up the
waste, delivering it to the kidneys where,
except for the carbon dioxide, it is removed
from the body.
 Cycle of the Heart
Then the blood, with its load of carbon dioxide,
returns to the right side of the heart.
The right side of the heart pumps the blood to
the lungs to get rid of the carbon dioxide and to
pick up fresh oxygen.
The oxygen-rich blood goes back to the left side
of the heart and is then pumped around the
body to complete the cycle.
This all happens in less than a minute!!
 Amazing Facts about
Heart
The heart is about the same size as your fist.
The heart beats on average 70 times per minute
(or approximately 60-100 times per minute).
If it is stop beating for 3-4 minutes, permanent
brain damage may occur.
An adult heart pumps 7,500 liters of blood daily (or
approximately 5 liters of blood per minute).
It takes about 20 seconds to pump blood to every
cell in your body.
 Amazing Facts about
Heart
Sound of heart beat: lubb-dubb-pause-
lubb-dubb-pause (using stethoscope).
The “Lub” sound happens when the blood
hits valves between the atria and
ventricles.
The “Dub” sound happens when the blood
hits the aortic and pulmonic valves the
close up as the heart relaxes to fill the
blood for the next beat.
The Blood Vessels
 The Blood Vessels

Blood is carried in a closed system of

vessels that begins and ends at the heart
The three major types of vessels are
arteries, capillaries, and veins
 Arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the
heart.
Aorta – the biggest artery
This branches out into smaller arteries
called arterioles.
 Capillaries
From the arterioles, the blood is pushed through
the capillaries.
Capillaries contact tissue cells and directly serve
cellular needs.
Function: the food nutrients and oxygen molecules
are transferred from the blood to the cells of the
body and carbon dioxide and other waste are
picked up.
Capillaries have very thin walls which allow the
food nutrients and oxygen molecules to easily pass
 Veins or Venules
Veins carry blood toward the heart
The walls are thin and slightly elastic.
2 Large Veins connected to the heart: 1.) Superior
Vena Cava; 1.) Inferior Vena Cava.
Like, most veins have internal one- way valves
spaced at a regular interval that prevent the blood
from flowing backward.
The Blood
 Types of Blood Cells
red blood cells, which carry oxygen
throughout the body
white blood cells, which fight infections
platelets, which are cells that help you stop
bleeding if you get a cut
plasma, a yellowish liquid that carries
nutrients, hormones, and proteins throughout
the body
The Blood Circulation
Types of Blood
Circulation
1. Pulmonary circulation – short loop
that runs from the heart to the lungs
and back to the heart.
2. Systemic circulation – routes
blood through a long loop to all parts
of the body and returns to the heart.
 Pulmonary Circulation
 Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood
 Involves Right Side of Heart
 Pathway:
1. Superior / Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium  Tricuspid Valve
3. Right Ventricle  Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
4. Left Pulmonary Artery
5. Lungs
 Systemic Circulation
 Systemic = Oxygenated Blood
 Involves Left Side of Heart
 Pathway:
1. Left Pulmonary Vein
2. Left Atrium  Bicuspid Valve
3. Left Ventricle  Aortic Semilunar Valve
4. Aorta
5. All Other Tissues