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• DELINEATION
2nd
• DEVELOPMENT
3rd DEVELOPMENT &
PRODUCTION
PHASE
• PRODUCTION
4th
Frequently used of geophysical methods
for surface recording and typical application
Geophysical Physical property Typical applications Comment on
method measured applicability
Gravity Surveys Rock density contrast Reconnaissance of large- Gravity survey are generally
scale density anomalies in less expensive but have less
petroleum and mineral resolving power than seismic
exploration exploration.
Electrical and Rock resistivity, Mineral exploration These methods are used most
electromagnetic capacitance, and frequently in mining exploration
surveys inductance properties and well logging (resistivity, SP,
and induction log)
Source Maturation
Where are the “cooking pots” and fetch areas? Depth to magnetic basement Seismic data
What is the present-day heat influx into the Isostatic residual Well data
basin and how much dose it vary? Sediment thickness Density and Velocity
What is the thickness of the crust? Depth versus density modeling data
What is the overburden? Regional structural modeling Heat-flow data
Curie point (regional heat flow)
Delineation of volcanic
Hydrocarbon Migration
How much relief is there on the basement? Magnetic inversion Well and outcrop data
What are the “shape” of the “cooking pots”? Depth to magnetic basement Topography
Are major vertical conduits near surface areas? Vertical fault identification Remote sensing
Are major lineations present and how do they Gradient analysis Seismic data
relate with more recent geologic features? Regional depocenter and Sequence stratigraphic
sediment path enhancement analysis
Seismicity
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GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC ANALYSIS CAN ADDRESS VARIOUS PETROLEUM ISSUES (2)
Trap
Where are the major structures? Residuals and enhancements Seismic data
What is the structural grain? 2-D/3-D structural/stratigraphic Outcrop information
Are faults in the sedimentary section? modeling Topography
Are lateral porosity changes present? Fault identification – gradient Remote sensing
analysis Seismicity
Structural inversion
Density inversion
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Development and Production Phases:
Problem statement
Petrophysical Production
Logging
Model Model
RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
Geochemical MODEL
MODEL Tracer
Data Geochemical Tracer
Model Data
Model
Geological
Model
Data Visualization
Integration of Dicipline
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Project Critical subsurface information Technology
phase Involvement
1) Exploration Proven Petroleum System and Play Geophysics
Resources information Geology Concept
Drilling
MAGNETIC Regional depth Detailed basement Detailed, integrated Detailed 2D / 3D None published
UTILIZATION to magnetic interpretation 2D/3D modeling- modeling
basement Detailed fault and faulting, basement inversion
Regional tectonic lineament analysis structure, volcanic, Integrated depth
analysis Delineation of salt edges, and migration (pre-
Euler volcanics, salt, sediment timing or postack)
deconvolution and “Depth slicing” and Magneto-
Curie point shale lineament analysis startigraphy
analysis Sedimentary
magnetic analysis
MAGNETIC 20 km spacing 2 – 5 km spacing 0.5 - 1 km spacing 0.25 – 0.5 km
RESOLUTION 5 – 8 km grid 1 - 2 km grid 0.1 – 0.5 nT spacing
REQUIRED * 1 – 5 nT 0.5 – 2 nT High-resolution, low- 0.1 – 0.5 nT
Continental grids, Modern digital altitude surveys High-resolution,
older surveys surveys, marine low-altitude
surveys, digitized surveys
older analog Borehole
surveys magnetometer
* Typical required resolution; needs to be tailored to source depth and signal strength
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