Presented To: Mam Ramsha Saeed

Presented By: Neha Tariq

TOPIC: APPLICATIONS OF
AMORPHOUS SOLIDS AND
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
 AMORPHOUS SOLIDS

• Amorphous derived from the Greek word “a” which means

“without” and “morphe” means “shape” collectively amorphous
means without shape.
• Their atoms, ions or molecules are not arranged in regular
manner.
• They do not have long range order.
EXAMPLE OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
 APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS
SOLIDS
COMMERCIAL GLASS OR SODA LIME
GLASS:
On large scale soda lime glasses are produced and used in;
• Windows
• For making bottles
• Drinking glasses
• For making green glass, which is used to reduce emission
and save energy.
APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
LEAD GLASS
These type of glasses are used:
• For making decorative glassware
• Optical glasses
• In radiation shielding
APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
ALUMINOSILICATE GLASS
These type of glasses are used
• Cookware
• Combustion tubes
• Furnaces
• Fiber glass insulation
• Halogen lamps
APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
BOROSILICATE GLASSES
These type of glasses are used in
• Chromatography as stationary media
• Cookware.
• For making tube envelopes
• Chemical apparatus and lamps
 APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS

SYNTHETIC AMORPHOUS
SILICA
• Silica in form of finely ground used
in composites, agrochemicals,
foods, semiconductors, inks,
cosmetics and pharmaceutical.
• It has wide application in ceramic
industry, used in crucibles that are
thermal shock-resistant and form
making refractory bricks.
APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
To generate electricity use of fossil fuel is
the major cause of global warming. There
are many countries that have made
plans to increase the use of renewable
energies and reduce the use of fossil
fuel. The sun is the source of renewable
energy that is commonly used, and the
photovoltaic cells that are used to
convert radiation coming from sun (solar
radiation) into electricity. This method is
expanding in the world rapidly.
APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
RUBBERS
Used for making
• Toys
• Footwear
• Waterproof materials
• Car tyres
• Vehicles tubing
• Cables
APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SOLIDS

NYLON
• Nylon fiber have high strength. Ropes, type
cords, fishing nets, parachutes are made by
nylon.
• In the form of plastic nylon is used for
making parts of machine.
• Nylon have wide application in textile
industry. It is used to form flame resistant
products, clothes.
 CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
• The word “crystal” derived from a Greek word i.e., “Krustallos”
that means “crystal” and “ice”.
• The crystalline solids are those in which atoms, ions or
molecules are very well ordered and have microscopic
structure i.e., well defined, called as crystal lattice.
• The crystalline solids are formed by crystallization process, in
which lattice structure prolonged in all directions.
EXAMPLE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
 TYPES OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS

CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO:

METALLIC CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
IONIC CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
 MOLECULAR CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
COVALENT CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
 APPLICATIONS OF METALLIC
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
GOLD
• Gold nanoparticles protect DNA form the
enzymatic digestion.
• Gold nanoparticles that are coated with chitosan
can absorb insulin easily and enhance the
delivery of insulin.
• Gold nanoparticles are also helpful in tumors
destruction.
• Due to optical properties, large surface area and
photo physical properties gold nanoparticles have
importance in drug delivery, cancer diagnosis and
chemotherapy.
 APPLICATIONS OF METALLIC
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
COPPER:
• Copper nanoparticles are used as disinfectant, it kills
microbes that are present in waste water.
• Drugs in which copper is present are extensively used in
treatment of cancer or tumor.
• These materials also provide conducting applications.
• Copper nanoparticles contribute to fluorescence
enhancement, dye aggregation, fluorescence quenching
and dye disaggregation. This property can be used in
biolabeling and biosensing.
 APPLICATIONS OF METALLIC
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
SILVER
• Nanoparticles of silver are widely used in textile coating, food
storage, and health industry as an antibacterial agent and also has
environmental applications.
• Due to electrochemical properties of silver nanoparticles are used
in sensors at nanoscale.
 APPLICATIONS OF IONIC CRYSTALLINE
SOLIDS
SODIUM CHLORIDE
• Sodium chloride has wide applications in
chemical industry. Sodium chloride used as
raw material in preparation of sodium
hydroxide and chlorine.
• It is also used in manufacturing of
pharmaceutical products.
• Sodium chloride (NaCl) is extensively used as
de-icing agent.
 APPLICATIONS OF COVALENT
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
DIAMOND
• Diamond has many applications as abrasive, or as cutting
because it is hardest material.
• It is used in jewelry.
 APPLICATIONS OF COVALENT
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
GRAPHITE
• Graphite is used in construction
material and plastics.
• It is used to form lithium ion
battery.
• It is used in coating, electronics,
batteries, supercapacitors, energy
storage, and biomedical products.
 APPLICATIONS OF COVALENT
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
SILICON CARBIDE
• The crystals of silicon carbide has wide bandgap that helps in
detection of UV radiation.
• Other applications of silicon carbide involves microstrip
antennas. Microstrip antennas are widely used in field of media,
commercial and military.
 REFERENCES:
• HTTPS://SCIENCESTRUCK.COM/CRYSTALLINE-VS-AMORPHOUS-SOLIDS-DIFFERE
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• HTTPS://WWW.RESEARCHGATE.NET/PUBLICATION/296477090_PROPERTIES_OF_
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