INVERSION AND

EMPHASIS
Lidya Fransisca Tjendana (705180126)
Selfi Anggraini (705180170)
Indira Wulur Adiputri (705180168)
Varelia Octa G (705180166)
Aditya Nainggolan (705180165)
Holly Macario (115180101)
 QUESTION FORM

DIRECT QUESTION
INDIRECT QUESTION
FORMULA: Auxiliary Verb + S + Verb
FORMULA: 5w + 1H + Auxiliary Verb + S
Do you love me?
Who is he?
Is she a doctor?
What are you doing?
Will you marry me?
How are you?

What time is it?

 Embedded question: a situation where simple question or indirect question
are put in another sentence (question or statement)

Inversion Formula: 5W 1H + S + Auxiliary Verb

QUESTION STATEMENT

Do you know what time it is? I can’t remember who he is.

Do you know who he is? I don’t understand what you
are doing.
 INVERSION AFTER THE NEGATIVE
ADVERBIALS
Only occurs when the adverbial occurs at the beginning of a clause. Are used in formal
language.

Never, Rarely, Seldom

Most commonly used with present perfect or past perfect or with modals such as can or
could.

Hardly, Barely, Scarcely, No sooner

Refer to an event which quickly follows another in the past. Usually used with past perfect
although no sooner can be followed by past simple.
FORMULA: Negative Adverbials + Auxiliary Verb + S + Komplemen/Verb

Never before has the man attended the meeting

Hardly had the train left the station when there was an explosion

Seldom has the team given a worse performance

Rarely had i had so much responsibility

After only

combines with other time expressions and usually used with past simple.
FORMULA: Only + … + Auxiliary Verb + S + Verb

Only after posting the letter did i remember that i had forgotten to put on a stamp.

Only with practice will you win the competition.

Note: when “only” refers to “the state of being the only one” there is no inversion
following it

Only Mary realized that the door was not locked.

Phrases containing no/not
these include under no circumstances, on no account, at no time, in no way, on no
condition, not until, not only … (but also)

On no condition are they to open fire without warning.

Not until I got home did I notice that I had the wrong umbrella.

Little
Little also has a negative or restrictive meaning in this sense.

Little does the government appreciate what the results will be.
 INVERSION AFTER SO/SUCH
WITH THAT
Occurs with so and adjectives when the main verb is be.

So devastating were the floods that some areas may never

recover.

Such used with be means so much/so great.

Such was the force of the strom that trees were uprooted.

Inversion only occurs if so/such is the first word in the clause.

 INVERTED CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES WITHOUT IF-
TYPE 1 IF SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE

TYPE 2 IF SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PAST FUTURE

S + V2/S + Were S + Would + V1

Were + S

TYPE 3 IF PAST PERFECT PAST FUTURE PERFECT

S + Had + V3 S + Would + Have + V3

Had + S + V3
TYPE 2

If I were a richman. I would help you

Were I a richman. I would help you

TYPE 3

If you had remembered to invite me. I would have attended your party.

Had you remembered to invite me. I would have attended your party.

Inversion after as

More common in formal or written language.

We were short of money, as were most people in our neighborhood.

Inversion after so, neither, and nor

Are used in “echoing” statements, agreeing or disagreeing.

Neither and nor: negative elliptic

Formula: S1 + V1 + O1 + (and) + Neither or nor + Auxiliary Verb + S2

He is not a student and neither are you.

We don’t like play basketball, nor do they.

So: positive elliptic

Formula: S1 + V1 + O1 + (and) + So + Auxiliary Verb + S2

He is a student and so are you.

 ➔ Changing word order to change focus.

a. Passive
All roads to the north have been blocked by snow.

b. Fronting and Inversion

Inversion here refers to changing the normal order in the sentence so that a
prepositional phrase
is emphasized before the verb.
Suddenly down came the rain!
Up in the air went the balon.
 Fronting involves changing the order of clauses in a sentence and putting first for
emphasis a
clause that would usually not be first.
I don’t know where the money is coming from.
Where the money is coming from, I don’t know.

Time phrases can vary in position and are often put first because the time reference is
important.
At six o’clock Monica decided to phone the police.

may clauses

There is a type of may clause introduced by although which can be inverted. It is a

highly
formal expression.
Although is may seem/be difficult, it is not impossible.
Difficult as/though is may seem/be, it is not impossible.
c. Cleft and pseudo cleft sentences
➔ Different parts of the sentence can be emphasized in this way.

★ With it is/was
Sue borrowed my bike last night.
It was Sue who borrowed my bike.
It was last night that Sue borrowed by bike.
It was my bike that Sue borrowed.

★ Sentences with because are also possible.

It was because I felt ill that I left.

★ Modal auxiliaries are also possible.

You can’t have read the same book.
It can’t have been the same book that you read
•Common with verbs such as need, want, like, hate
Example :
I hate rainy weather
❏ What I hate is rainy weather
You need a holiday
❏ What you need is a holiday
•Also possible to use do / did
Example :
Peter left the window unlocked
❏ What Peter did was to leave the window unlocked
They are destroying the environment
❏ What they are doing is destroying the environment
•Clauses beginning all emphasize “the only thing”
Example :
I only need a friend
❏ All I need is a friend
Adding words for the emphasis
•Own
This identifies possessive adjective
It was my own idea
•Very and indeed
It means exactly / precisely
It was very cold indeed
•Emphasizing negatives
Not include : at all, in the last, really
It was not at all cold. It was not cold at all
•Adds bit if used before and adjective
I wasn’t the least bit interested
•No and more can be emphasized by at all and
whatsoever

There were none left at all

There were no tickets left whatsoever

d. The
The can emphasize uniqueness. It is heavily stressed in speech.
Surely you are not the Elizabeth Taylor, are you?

e. Question word ending in-ever.

These add an air of desbelief to the question
Whatever are you doing? Whoever told you that?

f. Auxiliary do
This can emphasize the verb and is stressed in speech.
I do hope you’ll come again! Do sit down!
g. Adverbs and adjectives
A large number of adverbs and adjectives are used to add emphasis. Common examples are:
I actually went inside one of the
It is by no means certain that the match will take place.
Some people were even wearing pullovers, it was so cold.
Her performance was sheer magic!
This book is utter nonsense!

The following examples are only possible with adjectives which express an absolute opinion (non-
gradable adjectives)
It was absolutely fantastic!
The third exam question was quite (completely) imposibble.
This guide book is utterly useless.
You were simply wonderful!
Don’t cook the meat anymore. It’s just right.
h. Echoing phrases with so. These express agreement.
A: This is the book you are looking for.
B: So it is!

Other means:
a. Time phrases
Common examples are: day after day; time and time again; over and over again; day in, day out
David reads the same book over and over again!

b. Repetition of main verb

I tried and tried but it was no use.

c. In the repetition of phrase with a possessive it is possible to omit the first mention of the noun and
use a possessive pronoun.
Their marriage was a successful marriage
Theirs was a successful marriage
 READING 1
1. The phrase “taken to heart” in line 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. Taken seriously
B. Criticized
C. Memorized
D. Taken offence

2. In what way did Wright’s public buildings differ from most of those built by earlier architects?
A. They were built on a larger scale.
B. Their materials came from the southern United States.
C. They looked more like private homes.
D. Their designs were based on how they would be used.

3. The author mentions the Unity Temple because, it

A. Was Wright’s first building
B. Influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
C. Demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
D. Was the largest church Wright ever designed
4. The passage mentions that all of the following structures were built by Wright EXCEPT
A. Factories
B. Public buildings
C. Offices
D. Southern plantations

5. Which of the following statements best reflects one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural principles?
A. Beautiful design is more important than utility.
B. Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
C. A building should fit into its surroundings.
D. The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary
 WRITING
CHANGE IT INTO INVERSION

1. If I were a richman, I could help your financial problem

2. If I had joined the contest, I would have become a famous singer

3. So many people have never been unemployed as today.

4. She knew loneliness only after her mother died.

5. If I had known that she was in hospital, I would have visited her.
SPEAKING
 LISTENING
1. A. The woman’s dress 4. A. She is discussing the cause of heart attacks
B. The elegant woman B. She is finishing her report on heart attacks
C. The woman’s black dress C. She is finishing her school project
D. The woman’s appearance D. She is presenting her assignment
E. The man’s complaint about the woman E. She is looking for a scholarship

2. A. Sick
B. Tired
C. Sleepy
D. Thirsty
E. Hungry

3. A. One week
B. Two weeks
C. Four days
D. Three days
E. Seven days
ANSWER
READING
1. A. Taken seriously
2. D. Their design were based on how they would be used
3. B. Influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
4. D. Southern plantations
5. C. A building should fit into its surroundin

LISTENING
1. D. The woman’s appearance
2. B. Tired
3. B. Two weeks
4. B. She is finishing her report on heart attacks
ANSWER
WRITING
1. Were I a richman, I could help your financial problem
2. Had I joined the contest, I would have become a fomous singer
3. Never have so many people been unemployed as today
4. Only after her mother died, did she know loneliness
5. Had I known that she was in hospital, I would have visited her

SPEAKING
Recounted a short movies