UNIT- III

STEEL MEMBERS
INTRODUCTION

In this unit we discuss about the different

types of columns and beams
and connections used in steel structures.

 Column Foundation / base

 Columns / Compression members
 Beams
 Column to beam connections
 Beam to beam connections.
COLUMN BASES / FOUNDATION

The base for the columns are basically of two

types.

1. RCC
2. Grillage foundation.
COLUMN BASES / FOUNDATION

RCC :
The steel column is encased in concrete.
The mix is in the ratio of 1:2:4
The clear cover is of 50mm thick
Holding down bolts are usually placed in
conical sleeves.
Holding down bolts should be moved as the
concrete cures. It allows lateral movement when
the steel is fixed.
Bolt holes through the base plate are 6mm over size
All holding down bolts are to be of same grade.
COLUMN BASES / FOUNDATION

Steel Grillage Foundation:

It consists of steel beams (RSJ) also known as
grillage beams which are provided in single
or double tiers.

In case of double tier grillage, the top tier is

laid at right angles to the bottom ones.

The grillage beams are held in position by 20mm

spacer or separator bars with 25mm pipe separators.

The minimum clearance of 80mm is considered for

Concrete pouring and roding.

Maximum space between two flanges should not

be more than 300mm, or one and a half times the
flange Width.
COLUMNS / COMPRESSION MEMBERS

A column is defined as a structural member

subjected to compressive forces, in a direction parallel
To its longitudinal axis.

Stanchions : they are columns generally carrying

heavy loads.

Pillar: They are round columns.

Post: Term used for timber member.

Pier: used for columns of bridges.

Pedestal: An upright compression member

whose height does not extend three times
its least lateral dimension.
COLUMNS TYPES :

Laced Column

Battened Plates

Perforated cover Plates

Built – up Compression members

In built-up columns, when rolled

steel sections are not connected by plates,
suitable lateral system is needed to connect different
load carrying elements of column.

The lateral system holds the load carrying elements

of the built – up column In their relative positions
and does not share the load.
COLUMNS TYPES :

Laced Column:

The lacing is also termed as latticing and

is most commonly used.

The rolled steel flats, angles and channels are

used for lacing.
The lacing is of two types:

1.Single lacing: in single lacing the flats

are placed to form a single – triangular
system.
The single lacing on opposite sides of the
main components shall preferably be in the
same direction.
2. Double lacing: two lacing flats are used to
intersect one another and connect at the points of
intersection by rivets.
COLUMNS TYPES :

Batten Plates:

The batten plates are also called as plates.

The angle sections, channels and I -sections

are also used as battens.

The battening of columns are not done where

the columns are subjected in the plane of
battens to eccentric loads
COLUMNS TYPES :

Perforated cover Plates:

The perforated cover plates may be used instead of

lacing, as lateral system with the column.

They are suitable for a built – up box section

consisting of four angle sections.

The interior of the column remains

accessible for painting.
COLUMNS TYPES :

Built-up compression members:

They are needed when single rolled steel sections

are not sufficient to furnish the required cross
sectional area.

A built-up compression member may consist of two

or more rolled steel sections connected together
effectively and acts as one compression member.
COLUMN CONNECTIONS:
COLUMN CONNECTIONS:
BEAM TYPES :

1. Built-up Beams

2. Plate girders

1. Built-up beams : Built-up beams or compound

beams are used when a span, load and corresponding
bending moment are of such magnitude that rolled
steel sections become inadequate to provide
require section modulus.

Plates are attached to flanges to increase the strength of

rolled steel beam. This is done to reduce
the depth of beams.
BEAM TYPES :

BULT-UP BEAMS

Fig: A and B are used for heavy loads

Fig: C is used for very heavy loads and small spans.

BEAM TYPES :

Fig: D is used for light loads and large spans

used for heavy loads

Fig: E and F is used for gantry girder

BEAM TYPES :

PLATE GIRDERS

The vertical plates of the plate girder is known as

web plate, the top and bottom plates are known as
flange plates.

The angles connected at the top and bottom of web

are known as flange angles.

The horizontal plates connected with flange angle are

known as cover plates.

They are used in long span structures.

They are economically used for spans upto about 30m

BEAM TYPES :

Fig A : Simplest form of plate girder.

Fig B and C : In case the simple section cannot furnish
sufficient flange material additional plates are riveted to
legs of angles.
Fig D: When number of cover plates become excess
then the section of plate girder is modified as id D.
BEAM TYPES :

Fig E : In case of deck girders of rail-road bridges.

Fig F and G: For long span bridges carrying heavy loads.

Fig H: For crane runway girders

COLUMN TO BEAM CONNECTIONS :
COLUMN TO BEAM CONNECTIONS :
COLUMN TO BEAM CONNECTIONS :
COLUMN TO BEAM CONNECTIONS :
COLUMN TO BEAM CONNECTIONS :
COLUMN TO BEAM CONNECTIONS :
BEAM TO BEAM CONNECTIONS
BEAM TO BEAM CONNECTIONS
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
END