Fleming’s left-hand rule It is possible to predict the direction of the force acting on a wire – its motion – if the direction of the current or the magnetic field are known. Fleming’s left-hand rule is used to do this. thuMb = Motion
Fleming’s right-hand rule It is possible to predict the direction of the induced current produced by a generator if the direction of the force (or motion) or the magnetic field are known. Fleming’s right- hand rule is used to do this. thuMb = Motion
What are generators? A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is the opposite of an electric motor. Power stations use generators to produce electricity on a large scale. Mechanical energy is provided by rotating turbines that can be powered by: high-pressure steam – in coal, oil, gas and nuclear power stations wind – in wind turbines falling water – in hydroelectric power stations
Increasing the size of the induced current How can the size of an induced current be increased? increase the speed at which the coil rotates increase the strength of the magnetic field increase the number of turns in the coil increase the total area of the coil. In a power station generator, an electromagnet is often used as this can provide a stronger magnetic field than is possible with a permanent magnet.
alternating current – A current that constantly changes
direction. It is produced by most electrical generators. commutator – The part of a motor that enables the coil to rotate using direct current. direct current – A current that always flows in the same direction. It is produced by cells and batteries. generator – A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. induction – Generating a current in a wire by moving the wire in a magnetic field, or by moving a magnet inside a coil. motor – A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. slip rings – The parts of a generator that enable the rotating coil to produce alternating current.