Presentation on

Measurement in Research Methodology

Subject :- Research Methodology

Submitted by :- Submitted to :-
Md. Farhad Rafi Ms. Tripta
 Measurement is the process of observing and
recording the observations that are collected as
part of a research.
 Everything we do begins with the
measurement of whatever it is we want to
study.
 Measurement is the assignment of numbers to
objects.
 Nominal Scale.
 Ordinal Scale.
 Interval Scale.
 Ratio Scale.
 It is simply a system of assigning numbers to
events in order to level them.
 A Nominal Scale is a measurement scale, in
which numbers serve as “tags” or “labels”
only, to identify or classify an object.
 It is the weakest scale of measurement.
Example - Assignment of numbers of
cricket players in order to identify them.
 The lowest level of ordered scale that is
commonly used.
 The Ordinal Scale is a rank order scale in
which the numbers are assigned to the objects
to determine the relative extent to which
certain characteristic is possessed.
 The order of the values is what’s important
and significant, but the differences between
each one is not really known.
Example – Difference between the
hotness of chillies but it does not implies
how much hotter.
 The interval scale has all the properties of
ordinal and nominal scale plus the benefit that
it provides equal intervals among categories.
 The interval scale is defined as
a quantitative measurement scale where the
difference between 2 variables is meaningful.
 It provides more powerful measurement than
ordinal scale.
Example - 50 degree is higher than 40
degree and the difference is the same as
the difference between 20 degree and 10
degree i.e. 10 degree.

&
 Ratio scale have an absolute or true zero of
measurement.
 Ratio scale doesn’t have a negative number,
unlike interval scale because of the absolute
zero characteristic.
 This scale is used to calculate all the scientific
variables. In fact, in the absence of a ratio
scale, scientific variables cannot be measured.
Example – Wood can be measured in
centimeters by a scale. It cannot be zero or
negative.
We have 3 parameters to test our measurement:-

 Test of Validity.
 Test of Reliability.
 Test of Practicality.
 Validity is the most critical criteria that
indicates the degree to which an instrument
measures what is supposed to measure.
 Validity can also be thought of as utility.
 Validity is the extent to which differences
found with a measuring instrument reflect true
differences among those being tested.
i. Content Validity – It is the extent to which a
measuring instrument provides accurate coverage of
the topic under study.
ii. Criteria Related Validity – It relates to our ability to
predict some outcome or estimate the existence of
some current condition.
iii. Construct Validity – It is the most complex and
abstract. It is said to be construct validity if it
confirms to predict co-relations with other
theoretical proposition.
 The test of reliability is another important test
of sound measurement.
 A measurement instrument is reliable if it
provides consistent results.
 Reliable measuring instrument does
contribute to validity, but a reliable instrument
need not be a valid instrument.
 The practicality characteristics of a measuring
instrument can be judged in terms of economy,
convenience and interpretability.
 From the operational point of view, the
measuring instrument ought to be practical i.e.,
it should be economical, convenient and
interpretable