BY

POOJA PINGLE
Structwel Designers & Consultants
TO START WITH…
For Success of anything ,foundation
plays a very important role . Its true for
individual , true for Company , True for
Nation & its True for Machine as well
…..
 Agenda on Machine Foundation
Fundamentals of M/C Foundation

Objective of Foundation

Different types of M/C Foundation

Theory of M/C Foundation

Thumb Rules for M/C Foundation

Design Formulas for M/C Foundation

Conclusion
Fundamentals of M/C foundation
The machine foundation will be considered as a rigid
body resting on an elastic bed.

The elastic bed assumed for calculations may be

Subsoil ,piles of a pile foundation.

Rigid Body

Elastic Bed
Fundamentals of M/C foundation

All foundations are designed to resist static loads. as

well as dynamic load.
Static loads e.g. Transformers, water& oil tank
Dynamic load e.g. machine , moving vehicle ,presses,
forge hammer …
Analysis of vibrations & waves are the fundamental
importance in the design of M/C foundations.
All M/C foundation except very small ones, should be
consider as serious engg. Problem by a design
engineer.
Fundamentals of M/C foundation

Large one give rise to dynamic loads causing

vibrations which the designer must take in to account
if he /she is to choose a solution which is both
technically sound & economical.
To avoid unequal settlement & harmful vibrations in
the base or the subsoil , M/C foundation should be
designed.
Objective of Machine Foundation
The M/c must be free from Damage .

M/c normal operation should not be interrupted.

 It should not transmit excessive vibrations to the

adjacent Structure or other machine & machine
operator .

It should not suffer excessive settlement or bearing

capacity failure under combine static & dynamic Loads.
Types of M/C foundations.
Simple or Block foundations:-These are either in a
single mass or contain openings up to 50 percent of
their volume.

Wall like foundation:- Which usually consist of two

walls parallel to each other supporting machine.
 Types of M/C foundations
• Framed foundation:-Which have a structure of
vertical columns & horizontal frame beams braced
together by means of longitudinal beams.

• Caisson foundation – With which the necessary

rigidity can be attained by the appropriate
arrangement of material saving elements.
Factors choosing the Type of Foundation

Type of the machine

Soil ( elastic Bed )

Static & dynamic loads associated with Machine

surrounding.
Types of Machine
1)Low speed machine:- Machine having speed 50 rpm to
600 rpm .Machine of paper industry ,steam machine
,printing machines .They are supported on raft foundation.
2)Moderate speed machine:-Machine having speed 600
rpm to 1500 rpm.
3)High speed machine:-Machine having speed 1500 rpm
to 3000rpm.
4)Very high speed Machine:-3000 rpm to 10,000 or more
Significance & Importance
The forces of rotating elements of machine contribute,
besides their static loads, additional dynamic loads.

The machinery vibration influence adversely the

foundation supporting soil by densifying it which
may , in turn cause differential settlement of soil &
foundation which will harm to structure as well as
machine performance
So it is important to design a good machine
foundation.
THEORY OF M/C FOUNDATION
Equation of Motion Z Twisting
Vertical

X
Longitudinal
Lateral
Rocking
Pitching

Y
THEORY OF M/C FOUNDATION

Foundation may be considered as a having six degrees

of freedom-displacements in the three direction
.Rotation about each axes .
For simplicity the machine & its foundation will be
assumed to be a single mass system.
Motion is considered only in one mode of vibration.
Thus machine foundation becomes single mass, single
degree of vibrating system.
Thumb Rules for M/C Foundation

Design of machine foundation comprises of choosing

the proportions & shape of concrete foundation blocks
& working out the natural frequency, maximum
amplitude of vibration base pressure & comparing
them with the following criterion of design.
 Natural frequency should be sufficiently away from
the operating frequency.
Thumb Rules for M/C Foundation

The frequency ratio r is kept outside the range of of 0.5

to 1.5
The amplitude of vibration should be within the
tolerable limits specified by the chart.
The base pressure should not exceed the dynamic
bearing capacity which may be taken as half the
allowable soil pressure.
The mass of foundation as least 3 times mass of
machine.
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation

The method assumes soil is as a linear spring

,neglects damping & assumes participating soil mass
as zero.

A block of mass m & base area Af may be acted by

oscillating loads Fx, FY, Fz & Moment
Mx, My, Mz
Provided the C.G. of the block & the centroid of base
area lie on the base area lie on the same line .
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
Centre of Gravity
x = ∑mixi/∑mi
y = ∑miyi/∑mi
z = ∑mizi/∑mi
The Moment of Inertia (Iy) of the base area about the
axis passing through its centre
Ix = lxi*lyi^3/12
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation

Iy = lyi*lxi^3/12
Iz = Ix + Iy
Mass moment of inertia
φx = (m/12)*∑ (l²y+l²z)
φy = (m/12)*∑ (l²x+l²z)
φz = (m/12)*∑ (l²x+l²y)
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation

The mass moment of inertia (φo) about the axis

passing through the centroid of the base and
perpendicular to the plane of vibration.
φs = φ + ms2
Where s is the distance of the centre of gravity from
reference axis. Usually reference axes pass through the
C.G .
αy=φy/φoy
Design Formulas for M/C Foundation
ω²θy = (Cθ`Iy-Wz) / φoy
ω²x= Cζ*Af / mi
ωn4 – (ωθy2+ωx2)ωn² + ωθy2ωx² =0
Substituting value & solving we will get frequency of
foundation i.e.
Wn1 & wn2
The ratio should be 0.5 to 1.5 ,if not revise the size of
foundation.
Conclusion
Freq. of M/C & Freq of M/C foundation should not
create resonance .
If frequency of foundation within permissible limit
,check the amplitude .
IS 2974 part one is followed in India for Design
Foundation
Thanks
Anything which has a Strong Foundation
,can only deliver Good Results …

Thanking you
Ms. Pooja Pingle

…to be continued