QUALITY CONTROL OF WELDMENTS

Welding Personal Certification And

Qualification
 Certification body

CSWIP (Certification Scheme for Welding and

Inspection) – TWI (The Welding Institute) UK

• PCN (Personnel Certification in Non-Destructive

Testing) – BINDT (British Institute for NDT)

• ACCP (ASNT Central Certification Program) - ASNT

(American Society For Non Destructive Test
)
• AWS Certification such as Certified Inspector,
Certified Welding Engineer

• API (American Petroleum Institute) Certification

 Welding Defect and Imperfection
Perfect Weld Definition
• A perfect butt weld joint, when subjected to an external
force, provide a distribution of stress throughout its
volume which is not significantly greater than parent
metal. This is achieved as long as the following features
Apply

– Welds should consist of solid metal throughout a cross

section at least equal to that of the parent metal.
– All parts of a weld should be fully fused to the parent
metal.
– Welds should have smoothly blended surfaces.
– Welding is carried out in accordance with the welding
procedure specification.
 Visual Weld Defects

• Defects which may be detected by visual

inspection can be grouped in the following

– Cracks
– Lack of solid metals
– Lack of fusion
– Lack of smoothly blended surfaces
– Miscellaneous
 Cracks
Cracks that may occur in welded materials are caused generally by many factors and
may be classified by shape and position

– Classified by Shape
• Longitudinal
• Transverse
• Branched
• Chevron

– Classified by Position
• HAZ
• Centreline
• Crater
• Fusion zone
• Parent metal
 Process Cracks
• HAZ hydrogen cracking
• Weld metal hydrogen cracking
• Solidification cracking (Hot Tearing)
• Lamellar tearing