SPECIFIC SOIL FORMING PROCESSES

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SALINIZATION
•It is the process of accumulation of salts such
as sulphates chlorides in soils in the form of a
salty horizon.
•This happens when a temporary excess of
water and extreme evaporation bring the
underground salts to the surface and a
whitish flourescent crust is formed
•Salt accumulation may result from irrigation
or seepage

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DESALINIZATION
•It is the process of removal of excess soluble
salts from horizons that contained enough
soluble salts to impair plant growth
•Type of process: Translocation
MELANIZATION
•Type of process: Transformation
•The darkening of light coloured mineral
mater by organic mater

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LEUCINIZATION:
•Type of process: Translocation
•The paling of soil horizons by the loss of dark
organic matter.
PALUDINIZATION:
•Type of process: Transformation
•The accumulation of organic matter to form
peat

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CALCIFICATION:
•The process of accumulation of calcium
carbonate in some part of the profile.This
may result in the development of calcic
horizon.
•CO2 +H2O ------- H2CO3
•H2CO3 +Ca-----Ca (HCO3)2
•Ca (HCO3)2 ----- CaCO3 +H2O+CO2

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DECALCIFICATION:
•Type of process :Translocation
•The process of removal of calcium
carbonate from the soil by leaching.
•CaCO3 +H2O+CO2 ---- Ca (HCO3)2

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CARBONATION:
• It occurs when carbondioxide react chemically
with minerals and form weak carbonic acid.when
carbonic acid comes in contact with the surface
of the earth it dissolves large masses of
limestone,creating cave and caverns.
GLEIZATION:
• Russian origin glei-blue,green,grey clay
• It is the process of soil formation resulting in the
formation of a gray horizon in the lower part of the
soil profile above the parent material.
PEDOTURBATION:
• The process of mixing of soil is called
pedoturbation.
• FLORAL PEDOTURBATION:Mixing of soils by plants
• FAUNAL PEDOTURBATION:Mixing of soils by animals
• ARGILLIC PEDOTURBATION:Mixing of materials in
the solum by the churning process by sweel shrink
clays as observed in deep black cotton soils.
HUMIFICATION:
• The process of transformation of raw organic
matter into humus.
• Simple compounds such as sugar and starches
are attacked first then proteins and
cellulose,finally very resistant componds such as
tannins are decomposed and a dark coloured
substance known as humus is formed
 THANK YOU
REFERENCE:
Hand book of soil,fertilizer and manure
by P.K.Gupta.
Text book of soil science by P.C.Das