Professional Documents
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CRJ 270
Instructor: Jorge Pierrott
Criminology Today
AN INTEGRATIVE INTRODUCTION
SEVENTH EDITION
CHAPTER 1
What Is Crime?
Jorge Pierrott
Email: jpierrott@wnc.edu
• Crime:
Human conduct in violation of the
criminal laws of a state, the federal
government, or a local jurisdiction that
has the power to make such laws
• Key shortcoming
Yields moral high ground to powerful
individuals who can influence lawmaking
• Laws are social products – crime is
socially relative, created by legislative
activity
• Crime:
The result of criteria that have been
built into the law by powerful groups
and are then used to label selected
undesirable forms of behavior as illegal
• Laws serve the interests of the
politically powerful
• Crimes are behaviors those in power
perceive as threats to their interests
• Deviant behavior
Human activity that violates social
norms
• Deviance and crime overlap – not
identical
• Delinquency: Violations of the criminal
law and other misbehavior committed
by young people
Consensus Pluralist
• Laws enacted to • Behaviors criminalized
criminalize behaviors through a political
when members of process, after debate
society agree over appropriate
• Homogeneous course of action
societies • Involves legislation,
• Shared consensus appellate court action
hard to achieve in • Most applicable to
diverse multicultural diverse societies
societies
• Criminology is interdisciplinary
• Criminology needs to be integrated
• Criminology contributes to criminal
justice:
Application of the criminal law and study
of the components of the justice system
Police, courts, corrections
Focus on control of law-breaking
• Criminologist
Studies crime, criminals and criminal
behavior
• Criminalist
A specialist in the collection and
examination of the physical evidence of
crime
• Theory:
Made up of clearly stated propositions
that affirm or assume relationships
between events and things under study
• Criminologists have developed many
theories to explain and understand
crime
• General theory
Tries to explain all/most forms of crime
through a single overarching approach
• Unicausal theory
Assumes a single identifiable source for
all serious deviant and criminal behavior
• Integrated theory
Tries to explain crime by merging
concepts from different sources
Criminology Today, 7th Edition Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Frank Schmalleger All Rights Reserved
Criminology and Social Policy
• Translational criminology
Focuses on translating research results
into workable social policy
• Sound social policy needs to be linked
to objective findings of well-conducted
criminological research
Background Foreground
• Life experiences • Motivation
• Biology/genetic • Specific intent
inventory • State of mind (drug-
• Personality induced)
• Values/beliefs
• Skills/knowledge
Background Foreground
• Passive presence • Victim precipitation
• Active contributions Active victim
through lifestyle participation in initial
stages of criminal event
Victim instigates chain
of events resulting in
victimization
Background Foreground
• Legislation defining • Distribution of
crime resources
• Generic social • Accessibility of
practices and services
conditions
• Socialization process
• Outputs/immediate consequences
affect those parties directly involved
• Real impact mediated by perceptual
filters
Results in ongoing interpretations
before, during, after crime
Everyone associated with a crime
engages in interpretations