2.

MEASUREMENTS
• Mass, Volume, Density and Temperature
• English system, Metric, SI system
• Scientific Notation
• Significant Figures
• Rounding-off
• Dimensional Analysis
Common measurements

• Mass
• Length
• Volume
• Density
• Temperature
Mass and Weight

1 kg = 1,000 g

1 g = 1,000 mg
Length

1 km = 1,000
m
1 m = 100 cm
Volume

1 L = 1,000 mL
 Density

g/mL
Gold 19.29
Copper 8.91
Iron 7.21
Aluminum 2.64
HIGH vs.
low
Temperature
2. MEASUREMENTS
• Accuracy and Precision
• Mass, Volume, Density and Temperature
• English system, Metric, SI system
• Scientific Notation
• Significant Figures
• Rounding-off
• Dimensional Analysis
English System

inches
English System

feet
English System
English System
English System

tons
English System

ounces
English System

gallons
English System
Metric System
• The metric system is an
internationally agreed decimal
system of measurement created
in France in 1799.

• Each basic type of measurement

(length, mass, volume) has one
basic unit of measure (meter,
gram, liter). Conversions are
quickly made by multiplying or
dividing by factors of 10.
Metric System

Type of
Unit
measurement

length meter, m

mass gram, g

volume liter, L
International System of Units
SI System
le Système International d’ unités
• The International System
of Units (SI), the official
system of measurement in
almost every country in the
world, is based upon the
metric system.

• It comprises a coherent
system of units of
measurement built on seven
base units.
 Property Commonly used units Conversion
gram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
pound (lb) 1 kg = 1,000 g
Mass kilogram (kg) 1 g = 1,000 mg
milligram (mg)

liter (L) 1 gal = 3.8 L

gallon (gal) 1 L = 1,000 mL
Volume milliliter (mL) 1 mL = 1 cm3
cubic centimeter (cm3)

g/mL or g/cm3
Density kg/m3
Kelvin (K) K = 273.15 + °C
Temperature Celsius (°C) °F = 1.8°C + 32
Fahrenheit (°F)
Metric System Prefixes
Metric System Prefixes

micro-
Metric System Prefixes

centi-
Metric System Prefixes

kilo-
Metric System Prefixes

mega-
Metric System Prefixes

giga-
Metric System Prefixes

tera-
33
2. MEASUREMENTS
• Accuracy and Precision
• Mass, Volume, Density and Temperature
• English system, Metric, SI system
• Scientific Notation
• Significant Figures
• Rounding-off
• Dimensional Analysis
 Scientific Notation

± 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝐁𝐀𝐒𝐄 𝐍𝐔𝐌𝐁𝐄𝐑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎
 Scientific Notation
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 6626

6.626 x 10-34

Planck’s
constant
 Scientific Notation
602,204,531,000,000,000,000,000

6.02 x 10 23
GUIDELINES IN COUNTING SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Significant Figures
Significant Figures

Answer: 4 significant figure

Answer: 3 significant figure
Answer: 4 significant figure
23,500,000.50

Answer: 10 significant figure

 Rounding Off Non Significant
Digits
Rule 1: If the first non significant digit is less than 5, drop
all non significant digits

Rule 2: If the first nonsignificant digit is greater than 5,

round up the last significant digit

Rule 3: For calculations involving series of multiplication

or division, round off only until the last operation
Rules on handling significant figures in
calculations

1. In addition and subtraction, final sum or difference is

determined by the number with smallest decimal places
Rules on handling significant figures in
calculations

2. In multiplication/division, final product or quotient is

determined by the number with smallest significant
figures
Rules on handling significant figures in
calculations

3. Exact numbers obtained from counting have an

infinite number of significant figures
2. MEASUREMENTS
• Accuracy and Precision
• Mass, Volume, Density and Temperature
• English system, Metric, SI system
• Scientific Notation
• Significant Figures
• Rounding-off
• Dimensional Analysis
One milliliter (1 mL) of ink
can print 50 pages of text.
If you have 100 gallons of
ink then how many pages
could you print?

1 gallon = 3.8 L
1L = 1000 mL
 One milliliter (1 mL) of ink
can print 50 pages of text.
If you have 100 gallons of
ink then how many pages
could you print?

1 gallon = 3.8 L
1L = 1000 mL

3.8 L 1000 mL 50 pages

100 gallons
1 gallon 1L 1 mL

= 𝟏𝟗, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 = 𝟏. 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝟕

Gold costs $500 per ounce.
A solid gold nugget is 23.5 oz.
How much is it worth?

New hybrid cars run 65 miles

per gallon. How many km can
you drive on 5 gallons of gas?
Dr. Michael prescribes 300 mg a day of medicine
to a patent. Each pill has 15 mg of medicine.
How many pills will the patient need for 7 days?
1 day = 300 mg
1 pill = 15 mg
How many minutes
are there in a year?
1 year = 12 months
1 month = 30 days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
The Hope Diamond is a large gem weighing 0.3211 oz.
It is estimated to cost $7.65 M per carat. How much is
the total cost of the Hope Diamond ?

$7.65 M = $7.65 x 106

= $7,650,000

$7.65 M = 1 carat
1 carat = 0.200 g
1 oz. = 28.5 g
Gold costs $500 per ounce.
A solid gold nugget is 23.5 oz.
How much is it worth?

$500
23.5 oz. = $ 𝟏𝟏, 𝟕𝟓𝟎
1 oz.
 65 miles 1.6 km
5 gallons = 𝟓𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐦
1 gallon 1 mile

New hybrid cars run 65 miles

per gallon. How many km can
you drive on 5 gallons of gas?
Dr. Michael prescribes 300 mg a day of medicine
to a patent. Each pill has 15 mg of medicine.
How many pills will the patient need for 7 days?
1 day = 300 mg
1 pill = 15 mg

300 mg 1 pill
7 days = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝐩𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐬
1 day 15 mg
 How many minutes
are there in a year?
1 year = 12 months
1 month = 30 days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes

= 𝟓𝟏𝟖, 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬

= 𝟓. 𝟏𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬

12 months 30 days 24 hours 60 minutes

1 year
1 year 1 month 1 day 1 hour
 28.5 g 1 carat $7.65 M
0.3211 oz.
1 oz. 0.200 g 1 carat

= $ 𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟑𝟗, 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟓

= $ 𝟑. 𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝟖

= $ 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝐌
2. MEASUREMENTS
• Mass, Volume, Density and Temperature
• English system, Metric, SI system
• Scientific Notation
• Significant Figures
• Rounding-off
• Dimensional Analysis