Thermoplastic

and Silicone Resins

Types of resins used as paint
binders
• Thermoplastic Resins - long-chain polymers that
form films by solvent evaporation.
• Thermosetting Resins - shorter-chain polymers
containing reactive groups that, under the
influence of heat, catalysts or curing agents, can
crosslink to form tough films.
THERMOPLASTIC ACRYLIC
SOLUTION RESIN (TPA)
Thermoplastic Acrylic
Solution Resin (TPA)
• acrylic resins - refers to polymers derived from
acrylate or methacrylate monomers.
• widely used for industrial coatings (example:
autmotive refinishes, coatings for wood or metal
cabinets, coatings for plastics), and
• architectural coatings (example: for painting of
buildings and residences).
Thermoplastic Acrylic
Solution Resin (TPA)
Extensively used in thelpaint industry because of
these benefits:
• resistance to oxidation and to ultraviolet radiation
• Good gloss and gloss retention
• Good color rerention
• Highly transparent
• Low reactivity
Polymerization of Monomers
• Acrylic polymers are produced using a free-radical
addition solution polymerization.
Monomers
• Acrylic resins are polymers derived from "acrylate"
or "methacrylate" monomers.
• Pic*
Monomers
• Table 8.1
Monomers
• Factors considered in the selection of monomers:
• Residual odor
• Viscosity
• Toxicity
• Glass transition temperature
Monomers
Glass transition temperature
• temperature at which a polymer changes from a
glassy to a rubbery state.
• At T>Tg, polymer is soft, rubbery, and flexible
• At T<Tg, polymer is rigid, hard, and brittle
• Fig 8.3*
• Appropriate Tg should be attained in order to
optimize coating properties
Initiators
• usually molecules that breakup with heat or light to
form free radicals.
• Commonly used initiators for solvent thermoplastic
acrylics: benzoyl peroxide, and
azobisisobutyronitrile.
Solvents
2 functions in solution polymerization:
• Acts as the medium in which the polymerization
takes place
• Acts as the heat sink by removing the exothermic
heat of reaction
• A good solvent should be able to dissolve initiators,
monomers, and the polymer produced.
• It should also lower the viscosity of the reaction
mixture to allow effective mixing.
Solvents
• A good solvent should be able to dissolve initiators,
monomers, and the polymer produced.
• It should also lower the viscosity of the reaction
mixture to allow effective mixing.
Solvents
Factors affecting the selection of solvents
• Evaporation rate
• Cost
• Flammability
• Solvency
• Customer requirements
• Toxicity
Solvents
Commonly used solvents:
• Aromatic hyrdocarbons (xylene)
• Alcohols (isopropanol, isobutanol)
• Ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl
isobutyl ketone)
• Esters (butyl aetate)
The Method of Polymerization
Solution Polymerization method
• Used to produce solvent-based acrylic resins
• Involves polymerization of acrylic monomers
dissolved in an organic solvent.
• monomer, initiator, and solvent are heated to the
required temperature, and maintained at that
temperature until the desired molecular weight is
achieved.
The Method of Polymerization
• Reaction temperature greatly influences the
molecular weight and molecular weight distribution
of the product.
• ⬇️ molecular weight of polymer, ⬆️ temperature of
reaction
The Method of Polymerization
Excess heat may be removed by:
• Heat exchange medium
• Constant agitation of reactants and use of solvents
The Method of Polymerization
Effects of molecular weight on resin properties
Increasing Molecular Weight Decreasing Molecular Weight

Greater chemical resistance Increased flexibility

Greater film hardness Improved adhesion

Improved gloss retention Improved solvent solubility

Improved mechanical properties Lower solution viscosity

Properties and Applications
• Industrial Applications
• Architectural Applications
Industrial Applications
• For OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) and
refinishing
• Brilliant metallic colors, fast drying property, and
excellent exterior durability (especially color and
gloss retention)
• Thermoplastic acrylic resins can be used with
reactive pigments because of their inertness.
• Also used as clearcoat for metal substrates because
of their clarity and inertness.
Industrial Applications
• Can also be used in coating some plastics.
Architectural Applications
• The formulation styles are the same; the main
difference is in the application, as the main method is
by roller brush.
• Solvent popping/bubbles and cobwebbing are typical
problems that must be overcome.
• The choice of the polymer Tg is essential to address
cracking issues because the primers involved are not as
rigid as in car refinishes.
• TPA resins are used for concrete substrates (ex.: wall,
roof, and tiles) and wood substrates (ex.:furnitures,
cabinets)
VINYL RESINS
Preparation of Vinyl Resins
• Vinyl resins - produced via addition polymerization
of vinyl monomers.
• Typical monomers used for vinyl resins:
• Vinyl chloride
• Vinyl acetate
• *pics
Preparation of Vinyl Resins
• Copolymer vinyl resins - produced using the
solution method.
• Typical monomers used for vinyl resins:
• Vinyl chloride
• Vinyl acetate
• *pics
Properties and Applications
NITROCELLULOSE RESINS
Preparation of Nitrocellulose
Resins
Properties and Applications