2019

New Denture Base

Materials
Naema Ammar
Under supervision of:
Prof. Ahlam El-Sharkawy

lovely girl
Toshiba
01-Jan-19
 •acrylic resins
•polyamides (nylons)
•polyester resins
•polycarbonate resins
Thermoplastic •Acetal resins
•poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
•Modified PEEK (BioHPP)
•Aryl Ketone Polymer (AKP)

•A multipurpose thermo-elastic acrylic

Thermoelastic resin “Versacryl”
 Thermoplastic Acetal

• Poly(oxy-methylene)-based material, which as a homopolymer has

good short-term mechanical properties, but as a copolymer has
better long-term stability.
• The homopolymer, Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a chain of
alternating methyl groups linked by an oxygen molecule.
• Formed by the polymerization of formaldehyde and is a
thermoplastic technopolymer with a monomer-free crystalline
structure.

PROPERTIES
• Optimal physical and chemical properties
• Making frames and clasps … available in tooth color and in pink.
• Framework combined with the use of acrylic resins at saddle level
• Pink acetal resin is more resistant to stress because acrylic fibers
are added to the rough material and they amalgamate with the
matrix

• Very strong, resists wear and fracturing, and flexible

• Resist occlusal wear .. maintaining vertical dimension
• Superior aesthetics.
• High resistance to abrasion.
• Excellent tensile and shock strength.
• High proportional limit with little viscous flow (used as a material
for clasp fabrication)
• High impact strength (69-122 J/m at 23°C)

• Low modulus of elasticity (2.9 to 3.5 kN/mm2 ) than Cobalt-

Chromium alloys (Elastic modulus; 22.43 kN/mm2 ) .. used in
larger retentive undercuts
• High elastic memory.
• Low thermal conductance.
• Resistance to organic solvents, oils, alkalis, hot and cold water.
• Non allergenic, non-toxic
• Clinically acceptable color changes after 300 hours of
thermocycling.
• Oversize the main connector, clasps, resistance values for acetal do
not reach those of metal.
• Acetal resin clasps (1.0 mm in cross section diameter) engage 0.25
mm provide sufficient retention nearly similar that of Co-Cr clasps.
• It should be thicker more than 1.0 mm when engage a deeper
undercut (0.50 mm)
• The mean retentive force significantly lower than co-cr clasp
(multiple Acetal clasp can be used in R.P.D. design to reach the
needed amount of retention).
• Should have shorter length, a relatively larger cross-sectional area
and engage deeper undercut to have adequate retention.
• Can be used as an alternative for co-cr clasp in periodontally
compromised patients and in molar tooth with 0.5mm. Depth of
undercut.
• Higher values of deflection ranges..clinical uses without changes
or permanent deformations or fracture

• Acetal resin proved to be the non metallic material of choice due to

its superior properties regarding roughness, retention and
deformation, while Valplast is the lowest at the end of one year
follow up period.
Removable partial denture framework fabricated using acetal resin.

Acetal resin clasp incorporated in classic cast-metal RPD for

improved esthetics

Short-span acetal resin implant provisional.

Acetal resin space maintainer

 Acetal resin gingival mask
• Acetal Kemeny-type dentures
• As an alternative to fixed partial dentures
• Unimolar denture wax pattern.
• Frontal bidental Kemeny

Esthetic overlay acetal resin removable partial overdenture.

 Manufacture technology for acetal-resin dentures
• Injection was carried out using the R-3 C digital control device

• Vinyl-polysiloxane silicone .. conformer. ..class IV hard plaster.

• Wax pattern manufacturing
• Connector, red wax (thickness is twice as normal)
• Saddles and Akers, blue wax. (special wax, easy to wash away)
• A large central shaft connects with the main connector, initial
injection.
• The patterns of the clasps, occlusal rests and lingual bar 50%
thicker.
• Adapted with an adhesive solution.. Stabilized by sticking the
margins to the cast.

• Investing the wax pattern

• Spruing the framework connected to one major sprue.
• Surface-tension reducing solution, vaseline insulated aluminum
flask… Class III hard stone.
• The gypsum surface insulated and the second half of the flask is
assembled.
• Flask is submerged in warm water in thermostatic container.
• Wax is boiled out using clean hot water.
• Mold is insulated with light curing transparent varnish.
• Injection of the thermoplastic acetal resin framework
• Before the injection procedure, check injecting pressure (7.2-7.5
barrs).
• Preheating temperature and time (15 minutes at 220°C).
• Cartridge (quantity and color) selected and introduced into heating
cylinder after a vaseline base lubricant applied at its closed end –
with membrane pointed to the flask chamber.
• Preheating process is activated
• The two halves of the flask are assembled after cooling or water
vapor condensation would have a negative effect on the quality of
the injected material.
• The flask is inserted and secured in the corresponding place of the
injecting unit with opening set in a straight line with the heating
cylinder and cartridge… injecting procedure is initiated
• The pressure is automatically kept constant for one minute so that
setting contraction is compensated.
• The used cartridge is automatically pushed out pressing the
evacuation key.
• The flask is left to cool slowly for 8 hours.
• Disassembling and finishing the acetal framework
• The sprues are cut off using low-pressure carbide and diamond
burs to avoid overheating the material.

• Finishing and polishing was performed using soft brushes,

ragwheel and polishing paste
• Disassembling the frame is followed by matching it to the model.

• Saddle manufacturing and teeth mounting:

• Dropping pink wax over the framework extended to the bottom of
the buccal and alveololingual sulci.
• Teeth set-up starts with the most mesial tooth, an investing
procedure is used to turn the wax pattern into acrylic saddles.
• Putty condensation silicone to make an impression of the wax
pattern placed on the master model.
• Framework and the master model are thoroughly cleaned.
• Teeth are set in the corresponding places inside the impression.

• The master model is insulated.. The framework is placed on the

model and the impression set in its original place.
• Rectangular flasks in which the wax pattern is embedded into class
II plaster.
• Self curing acrylic resin is poured inside the impression through
the lateral openings.
• Heat-pressure curing unit setting a temperature of 50°C and a
pressure of 6 barrs for 10 minutes to avoid bubble development.
• Polish and finish

Advantages
• Reduced volume, esthetic and flexible clasps.
• Comfortable and esthetic solution
• Radiolucent material suitable for making a stent with clasps or
even a RPD to retain the bolus without backscatter of the radiation
beams.
• As the material is not translucent, it is mainly suitable for dealing
with lateral edentulous and temporarily, in the frontal area.
• Molding-injection system .. excluding mixture errors with long-
term shape stability, reduces contraction, and gives mechanical
resistance to ageing
• Processing technology is based on the thermal plasticization of the
material, in the absence of any chemical reaction.
• Long-term performance, stability, resistance to deformation and
wear, excellent tolerance, resistance to solvents, lack of porosity,
absence or reduced quantity of residual monomer
• Lack of porosity prevents development of microorganisms and
deposits and coloring.
• Permit the addition of elastomers in order to increase their
flexibility or can be reinforced with fiberglass to improve their
physical properties; they can also be lined and repaired
• Resiliency of thermoplastic clasp assembly led to reduction of the
load exerted on the abutment.. Less retention.. aesthetics or
periodontal health is a primary concern
• Acetal resin clasps do not abrade tooth surface when compared to
that of Co-Cr clasp
• Provides adequate retention inferior but lasting than Co-Cr clasp
(tooth surface loss caused by the abrasivity due to the difference in
hardness of the materials).
• Have superior esthetics available in 16 different shades.
 PEEK

• poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
• History of use as implantable devices in orthopaedics.
• Constructed either via CAD/CAM manufacturing or via the
conventional lost wax technique.

• White color ..esthetic.

• Elimination of allergic reactions and metallic taste, high polishing
qualities, low plaque affinity, and good wear resistance.

• More favorable effect on the abutment teeth in distal extension

(pocket depth, gingival index, bone height changes).
• Elastic and shock absorbent properties ..favorable stresses
transmitted to the abutment teeth
• Biocompatibility with precise designing and manufacturing..
accurate adaptation and fitness .

• Dove wing

• Offer a lower retentive force than metal clasps; undercut of 0.5 mm

provide adequate retention
• Appropriate retention force and bracing attained by increasing the
thickness and width.
• The lower flexural modulus, reduces the risk of excessive force on
the abutment tooth
 Modified PEEK (BioHPP)

• Containing 20% ceramic fillers (BioHPP; Bredent GmbH, Senden,

Germany), high biocompatibility, good mechanical properties,
high temperature resistance, and chemical stability.
• 4 GPa modulus of elasticity, as elastic as bone …reduce stresses to
the abutment teeth.
• Healthy periodontium, especially in cases of tissue proximity, due
to the material's low plaque affinity properties.

• The clinical use of a BioHPP RDP framework is presented as an

alternative for the treatment of a distal extension case

• Combined with regular acrylic denture teeth and conventional

heat‐cured denture base acrylic resin.
• Elastic modulus between PEEK and acrylic resin is smaller than
that between metal and resin

• Insolubility in water.. low reactivity with other materials, suitable

for patients allergic to Cr‐Co, or sensitive to the metallic taste.
• Easily relined if resorption occurs

• Gentler to the enamel and the porcelain restorative

• Low specific weight .. lighter prostheses .. patient satisfaction

and comfort
• Compared to nylon that cover a great part of soft tissues, a
hygienic design …oral hygiene.
• Stain resistance and color stability ??
• Fatigue resistance .. no scientific evidence of how this material
behaves under fatigue stress
 Aryl Ketone Polymer (AKP)

• Engage and dissengage undercuts without being stressed beyond

their elastic limit.
• Prolonged and improved retention (over many years)

• UltaireTM AKP clasps had a significantly lower average

distortion than CoCr
• AKP showed overall lower retention forces than CoCr, but
displayed much more stability over the 15,000 cycle lifetime.
• Similar to those of bone and dentin.
• Less intrusive while remaining stable and comfortable.
• Heat resistant and can offer autoclave disinfection of the
prostheses.