NURSING INFORMATICS

NCM 110
Lecturer: Vincent Z. Solidum, MAN, RN
Week 1 and 2

Concepts, Principles and

Theories in Nursing
Informatics
Historical Perspectives of
Nursing Informatics
Objectives

1. Describe the historical perspective of Nursing Informatics.

2. Review the historical perspectives of Electronic Health
Records.
First of all…..
Why study Nursing Informatics?
Knowledge is exploding and
Patients are demanding
Who Should Become a Nurse
Informaticist?
You do not have to be a computer expert to consider a
career as a nurse informaticist. Everyone must start
somewhere. If you see the computer as a
problem-solving tool instead of an
inconvenience, then you are a prime
candidate to be a nurse informaticist
(Bridges, 2007).
What’s in it for us, Nurses?
Nursing informatics is a growing field. As nurses, we face
ever changing and challenging practice situations;
competency in nursing informatics promises to strengthen
our clinical decision-making skills. Although new technology
may be a challenge for some, informatics will enhance
nursing practice. We'll have quicker access to patient
information, improve overall efficiency, and see a reduction
in potential errors.
As our profession continues to advance, nursing
informatics has the potential to change our practice for
the better, not only for us as nurses, but also for our
patient population.
Nursing Informatics Defined

Nursing Informatics is a title that evolved from the French

word “informatique” which referred to the field of applied
computer science concerned with the processing of infor
mation such as nursing information (Nelson, 2013).

In other words,
Nursing “loves” Technology = Nursing Informatics
HIT and EHR
Healthcare Information Technology and/or Electronic Health
Record Systems
They affect all aspects of healthcare delivery including:

a.) provision and documentation of patient care

b.) education of healthcare providers
c.) scientific research for advancing healthcare delivery
d.) administration of healthcare delivery services
e.) reimbursement for patient care
f.) legal and ethical implications
g.) safety and quality issues
Activity
Library work ( 1 hour )

In a 1 whole sheet of yellow pad paper:

Research on the Major Historical Perspectives of Nursing and Computers

a) Prior to 1960s
b) 1960s
c) 1970s
d) 1980s
e) 1990s
f) 2000s
g) 2010s
Major Historical Perspectives
of Nursing and Computers
Prior to 1960s

Computers were first developed in the late 1930s to early 1940s.

Computers were first used in the healthcare in the 1950s and 1960s.
During this time, nursing practice and services were expanding in scope,
autonomy, and complexity from physicians’ handmaidens to professional status.
Computers were initially used in healthcare facilities for basic administrative and
financial accounting functions.
Punch cards were used to store data and card readers to read computer
programs, sort, and prepare data for processing.
Some computers during this time have imaginative names like Whirlwind, Coloss
us and Pegasus, while others were slightly less poetic with names like Z4, AN/FS
Q-7, and ENIAC.
List of some of the Computers
prior to 1960s
Z4 (1944)
Designed by Konrad Zuse (German)
Colossus (Mark 1 and Mark 2)
Used by British Codebreakers during WW2 1944
ENIAC 1946
(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
Whirlwind 1951
The Whirlwind was the first computer to use video displays
for output
UNIVAC 1 1951
UNIVersal Automatic Computer – first commercial PC
WITCH 1951
Wolverhampton Instrument for Teaching Computing from
Harwell
1960s

“Why use computers?” “What should be computerized?”– Question asked during

this period.
Nursing practice standards were reviewed and Nursing resources were analyzed.
Nurses monitored patients status via cardiac monitors, ventilators. Etc…
The rise of medication administration errors prompted the need to use computers.
List of some of the Computers
in the 1960s
Datasaab D2 1960
Built in Sweden
BRLESC I 1962
Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific
Computer
HONEYWELL 200 1963
1970s

Interest in computers and nursing began to emerge in public and home health
services and education.
Computer based information systems were developed – focused on physician
order entry and laboratory results, radiology reports, ICU monitoring and care
planning.
Nurses are more explorative of the trend
List of some of the Computers
in the 1970s
HP-35 1971
Kenbak-1 1973
Designed by John V. Blankenbaker
1980s

Field of nursing informatics exploded and became visible in the healthcare

industry and nursing.
Need for nursing software evolved.
Nursing profession needed to update its practice standards and determine its
data standards, vocabularies, and classification schemes that could be used for
the computer based patient record systems.
National and international conferences and workshops were conducted for this
new emerging specialty.
PC emerged – more accessible, affordable, and usable by nurses.
List of some of the Computers
in the 1980s
IBM PC 1981
Macintosh by Apple 1984
1990s

ANA (American Nurses Association) recognized Nursing Informatics as a new

nursing specialty with a separate scope of nursing informatics practice standards
and established a specific credentialing examination for it.
Computer hardware continued to get smaller and affordable
The internet was available to all in 1995 – information is easily accessible
List of some of the Computers
in the 1990s
Apple Powerbook 1990
IBM ThinkPad 1996
2000s

Nurses were involved in the design of their workflow.

Hospitals became paperless.
Bar coding and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) emerged as useful
technology to match “right patient with the right medication”.
Smaller devices have wireless internet access
Smart cellular phones increased.
Telehealth evolved.
List of some of the Computers
in the 2000s
Sony J Phone 2000
First camera phone
Macbook Air 2008
2010s

Full implementation of HIT and EHR.

Digitalization of healthcare information.
Nurses are more involved in HIT and HER
The field of nursing informatics continues to grow
List of some of the Computers
in the 2010s
Apple Retina Display Iphone 4
2010
Apple iPad released 2011
Apple Watch 2015
Mac Pro 2019
₱155,990.00 to ₱205,990.00
Computer Hardware
4 Basic Components of Computer

1. CPU
2. Input Controllers
3. Output Controllers
4. Storage Media
Required Hardware Components
Motherboard
Memory

1.) ROM (Read only Memory) – Permanent Storage (boot,etc.); cannot be

changed by user
2.) RAM (Random Access Memory) – working memory for primary storage
(temporary storage)
- can be accessed, used, changed and written on
repeatedly.
3.) Cache – smaller form of RAM. Speeds up processing.
ROM
RAM
I/O Input/Output

Input – allows the computer to receive information

from the outside world.
Mouse, Keyboards, etc…
Output – allows the computer to report its result to
the external world.
Printers, Flash Drives
Storage Media

Includes main memory and external devices on which programs and data are stored.
Hard Drives
Usb Flash Drives
Optical Media
Cloud Storage