Draft Sanitary and Plumbing

Layout and Details

IMPORTANCE
• This module is designed to familiarize students with the
concept of sanitary disposal of waste and the principle of
introducing clean water in to the residential unit from
source. It will also help the students understand the intricacy
of designing and planning a sanitary plumbing and sewerage
layout. It also familiarizes them with the different
abbreviations and symbols used in the drafting of sanitary
and plumbing layout, the materials used for its construction
and the different kinds of fittings intended for a sound
construction of the layout.
IMPORTANCE
• Plumbing is considered as an art and science. It is the
installation of pipes, fixtures apparatus in buildings to
convey water, discharges and other substances. The
concept of plumbing and its importance however,
became more defined and appreciated today. The
person involved in the installation of all these fixtures
is a plumber, which was derived from the latin word
plumbum meaning lead, the metal used for pipes.
TECHNICAL TERMS

• Aluminum is a lightweight but relatively strong

metal often alloyed with copper to increase
hardness and strength.
• Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
• Check Valve is used to close systems and to
connect pipes that have to be disassembled
occasionally.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Coupling is used to connect straight section
pipes.
• Galvanize means to treat with a bath of lead and
zinc to prevent rusting.
• Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where
it is left completely open most of the time
because it offers the least resistance to the flow
of water
TECHNICAL TERMS
• Elbow is used to change direction of a pipeline either at 90 degrees or
45 degrees
• Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.
• Plumbing refers to the water supply and drainage of wastewater
sewage.
• Plumbing system refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste
water under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells
to fixtures.
• Reducer is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
INFORMATION # 1.1

•One of man’s essential needs is water. He

could live for days without food but not
without water, which is a mixture of
hydrogen and oxygen. Water appears in its
natural state (liquid) or solid (ice) and gas
(vapor) or steam
•Water is 830 times heavier that air
but is 133 times lighter in its
gaseous state. Water can be
sourced from: rain water, natural
surface water and underground
water
•Water is a necessity. It is
conveyed from the source to
the household through a
system of pipes.
CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES
• Steel and iron pipe
• Cast iron pipe
• copper pipe
• Copper tubing
• Special pipes such as PVC (Polyvinyl
Chloride),Aluminum and Stainless Steel pipes, and
CPV’C (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride ) pipe
• Water main refers to the public sewer system
along the streets, or laid underground where the
service to the house is connected. Water coming
from it is under pressure but normally could
serve only houses of moderate height.
Otherwise, a pump is installed to augment the
pressure, pressure is the force required to move
the water inside the pipe.