EXILE IN DAPITAN

BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN

• Steamer Cebu- brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from
Father Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the
Philippines to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit Parish Priest of
Dapitan

Fr. Antonio
Obach
Fr. Pablo Pastells
BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN

In the letter, Fr. Pastells informed Fr. Obach that Rizal could live at the
Parish Convent on the following conditions:

1. ”That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make
statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution
2. “That he perform the church rites and make a general
confession of his past life

3. “That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a

Spanish subject and a man of religion”
BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN
Rizal did not agree with these conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house
of the commandant, Captain Carnicero. And their relationship were warm and
friendly.

• A Don Ricardo Carnicero-

(dated: August 26, 1892), a
poem he wrote on the occasion
of the captain’s birthday
 WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY

• September 21, 1892- the sleepy town of Dapitan burst in a hectic excitement

• Butuan- a mailboat which brought the news about Rizal’s winning in the lottery together
with Capt. Carnicero and Francisco Equilior (Spanish resident of Dipolog) and with the
Lottery Ticket No. 9736 that won the second prize of 20,000 pesos

• 6,200 pesos- Rizal’s share from the lottery prize; 2000 pesos he gave to his father; 200
pesos to his friend Basa in HongKong and the rest he invested well by purchasing
agricultural lands from the coast of Talisay about kilometer away from Dapitan

Rizal was a lottery addict during his first sojourn in Madrid (1882-85),
he always invested atleast 3 pesetas every month in lottery ticket
“This was his only vice”
-Wenceslao E. Retana,
Rizal's first Spanish
biographer and former
enemy
 RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION

During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal had a long and scholarly debate with
Fr. Pastells on religion. It started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda
along with an advice that Rizal should desist from his majaderas (foolishness)
in viewing religion from the prism of individual judgment and self-esteem.

This interesting religious debate may be read in four letters written by Rizal, as
follows: (1) Sept. 1, 1892; (2) Nov. 11, 1892 ; (3) Jan. 9,1893; (4) Apr. 4,1893,
and in Fr. Pastells’ replies dated: (1) Oct. 12, 1892, (2) Dec. 8,1892, (3) Feb. 2,
1893, (4) April 1893.
 RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION

• Rizal was bitter against the friars because they commit abuses under the
cloak of religion.

• Father Pastells tried to bring back Rizal to Catholicism by telling him that
human intelligence is limited, thus he needs the guidance of God.
 RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION
In spite their religious differences, Pastells and Rizal remained good friends:

1. Pastells gave Rizal a copy of 2. Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul
Imitación de Cristo (Imitation of which he had made Rizal continued to
Christ) by Fr. Thomas a Kempis hear mass and celebrate religious events
 RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN TO A DUEL

Mr. Juan Lardet

a French businessman whom Rizal
had a conflict
 RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ
In his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with the Church, Father
Pastells sent to Dapitan:
1.Father Obach, Cura of Dapitan
2.Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Cura of Dipolog
3.Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite
teacher at Ateneo de Manila

Estudios sobre la lengua tagala (Study of

the Tagalog Language)
– manuscript which Rizal gave to Sanchez on his
birthday Fr. Francisco Paula
de Sanchez
 IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN

• Since August 1893, members of his family took turns in visiting him in order to
assuage his loneliness in the isolated outpost of Spanish power in the
Moroland.

Among his family members who visited Rizal were:

1.His mother
2.His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa
3.Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio

• Rizal built a house by the seashore of Talisay surrounded by fruit trees, a school
for boys, and a hospital for his patients.
 IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN

December 19, 1893- Rizal wrote to Blumentritt about his life in Dapitan

Square house- lived with his mother,

sister Trinidad and nephew
 IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN

Octagonal house- lived by Hexagonal house- lived by his

boys or some good youngsters chickens
whom he taught arithmetic,
Spanish, and English
 RIZAL'S ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR'S SPY
• Pablo Mercado – assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his
house

• On the night of Nov. 3, 1893- the spy secretly visited Rizal at his
house pretended to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of
buttons with the initials P.M. as evidence of kinship.

• The spy offered to be Rizal’s courier of letters for the patriots in Manila.
Rizal became suspicious and wanted to throw the spy outside but
considering his values and late hour of the night, he offered the spy to
spend the night at his house. The next day, he sent the spy away.
 RIZAL'S ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR'S SPY

• The spy stayed in Dapitan and

spread talks among the people
that he was a relative to Rizal.

• Rizal went to the comandancia and

denounced the impostor to Captain
Juan Sitges (successor of Carnicero
on May 4, 1893 as commandant of
Dapitan).

Captain Juan Sitges

 RIZAL'S ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR'S SPY

The TRUTH: Florencio Namanan a.k.a Pablo Mercado, single and

about 30 years old who was hired by the Recollect friars to spy on Rizal’s
activities

The secret mission of Pablo Mercado was not an assassination

attempt but espionage only.
 AS A PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN
Dona Teodora and Maria lived with Rizal for a year and a half. It is here when Rizal
operated his mother’s right eye. Though the operation was successful, his mother
had a wound infection after ignoring Rizal’s instruction of not removing the bandages.
However, the infection was immediately treated.

Rizal’s patients:
• Don Ignacio Tumarong - Rizal’s patient who was able to
see again after his operation; he paid Rizal P3,000
• Don Florencio Azcarraga - rich haciendero of Aklan who was cured of
As Physician in Dapitan
eye ailment, in turn he gave Rizal a cargo of sugar

Rizal prescribed medicinal plants to his poor patients.

 WATER SYSTEM FOR DAPITAN

As a perito agrimensor (expert surveyor), Rizal applied his engineering

knowledge by constructing a system of waterworks to furnish clean water
to the towns people.

Mr. H.F. Cameron – American engineer who praised Rizal for his
engineering ingenuity
 COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN

Rizal had:
1.Drained the marshes to get rid of malaria
that was infesting Dapitan

2.Equipped the town with lighting

system using P500 one of his patients
paid him. The lighting system
consisted of a Coconut oil lamps

3.Beautified the town of Dapitan by

remodeling the town plaza and
making a huge relief map of
Mindanao out of earth, stones and
grass
 RIZAL AS TEACHER

• Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils who

increased to 16 and eventually 21.

• 16 of his pupils did not pay tuition. Instead of charging them fees, Rizal made
them work in his gardens and construction projects

• Formal classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He also
applied the “emperor” system like that of Ateneo.

• During recess, pupils built fires to drive away insects, pruned fruit trees and
manured the soil.

• Outside class hours, students had gymnastics, boxing, wrestling,

stonethrowing, swimming, arnis and boating
HYMN TO TALISAY

Himno A Talisay
(Hymn To Talisay)
-A poem Rizal wrote in honor of Talisay
which he made his pupils sing
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE

Rizal sent specimens he found to the museum of Europe especially the Dresden
Museum. In turn, he received scientific books and surgical instruments.
During 4-year exile:
1.Built up a rich collection of concology (consisting of 346 shells of 203 species)

2.Discovered rare specimens like:

a.Draco rizali(a flying dragon)
b.Apogonia rizali(a small beetle)
c.Rhacophorus rizali(a rare frog)

3.Conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geological

and geographical studies.
 LINGUISTIC STUDIES

Continuing his study of languages, Rizal learned in Dapitan: 1.Bisayan,

2.Subanun, 3.Malay languages

He knew by that time 22 languages as follows Tagalog, Malay, Ilokano,

Hebrew, Bisayan, Sanskrit, Subanun, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan Latin,
Italian Greek, Chinese, English, Japanese, French , Portuguese,
German, Swedish, Arabic, Russian
 ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
To pursue his artistic activities, Rizal:
1.Contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin

2.Made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan

3.Modeled a statuette called “The Mother’s Revenge” to stress the moral of the
incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten by a crocodile

4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of

Josephine Bracken (Rizal’s wife)

5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father Pastells

 RIZAL AS FARMER

Rizal acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares where 6,000 hemp

plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane,
corn, coffee and cacao were planted.

He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot

because it was ideal for raising cacao, coffee, coconuts and cattle.
However, this did not materialize due to lack of support from the
government
 RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN

• Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in Dapitan Rizal made

profitable business ventures in fishing, copra and hemp industries.

• Hemp industry – Rizal’s most profitable business

• Once he shipped 150 bales of hemp to Manila. He purchased hemp in
Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales per picul and he sold it to Manila at P10 and 4
reales.

• Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing. Their lime burner had a monthly
capacity of more than400 bags of lime.
• He organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break
Chinese monopoly
 RIZAL'S INVENTIVE ABILITY

Among Rizal’s inventions were:

1.Cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt called

“sulpukan”

2.A wooden machine for making bricks that could manufacture

about 6000 bricks daily
 MY RETREAT

• Upon restoring her eyesight, Dona Teodora returned to

Manila. Seeing how busy Rizal is, she regretted neglecting her
muses. She requested Rizal to write poetry. As a response,
Rizal wrote “Mi Retiro” relating his serene life as an exile in
Dapitan
 RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
• the death of Leonor Rivera left a poignant void in Rizal’s heart. In his
loneliness, he met Josephine

• Josephine Bracken – Irish girl

of sweet eighteen who was born
in Hong Kong

• James Bracken and Elizabeth

Jane MacBride – Josephine’s
parents who are both Irish in
citizenship
 RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

• Mr. George Taufer – man who adopted Josephine after her mother died of
childbirth
• Mr. Taufer became blind so he sought for an ophthalmic specialist. This is
how Josephine and Rizal met.
• Manuela Orlac – Filipina companion who accompanied Josephine Bracken
to Dapitan

• Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided to get married but Father

Obach refused to marry them without the permission of Bishop of
Cebu.
 RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

• Hearing of the planned marriage and unable to endure the thought of losing
Josephine, Mr. Taufer tried to commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a
razor but Rizal was able to prevent this.

• To avoid a tragedy, Josephine accompanied Mr. Taufer back to Manila. Mr. Taufer
returned to Hong Kong alone while Josephine stayed with the Rizals in Manila.

• Having no priests to marry them, Rizal and Josephine married themselves before
the eyes of God
• The two were happy for they were expecting for a baby. However, Rizal played
a prank on Josephine making her give birth to an eight-month baby boy. The
baby lived for only three hours. He was named “Francisco” in honor of Rizal’s
father.
RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN

• Pio Valenzuela – emissary to Dapitan in order to inform Rizal of the

plan of Katipunan during the meeting at a little river called Bitukang
Manok.
• Venus – steamer Valenzuela boarded to reach Dapitan

• Raymundo Mata – blind man who came with Valenzuela to

camouflage his mission

• Rizal objected Bonifacio’s project because:

1.The people are not ready for a revolution
2.Arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of
revolution
VOLUNTEERS AS MITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA

When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever

epidemic, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco
offering his services as military doctor.

Governor Blanco later notified Rizal of the acceptance of the

offer. The notification came along with an instruction of acquiring
first a pass for Manila from the politico-military commander of
Dapitan.
 “THE SONG OF THE TRAVELER”

• Upon receiving the acceptance of his offer to go to Europe then

to Cuba to help in the curing of patients suffering yellow fever,
he wrote a poem “El Canto del Viajero” (The Song of the
Traveler”.
 ADIOS, DAPITAN
• España – steamer which brought Rizal to Manila from Dapitan

• Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter),

his three nephews and six pupils.

• As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the dolorous Funeral March of
Chopin.

• He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few hours.
 “Adios,
Dapitan!”
-Jose Rizal-
Reported by:
Basinillo, Jinemy T.
Verano, Nivea O.
Buhian, Angel
Babasa, Jenilyn