SPELLING RULES
 A silent "e" on the end  Drop the final "e" from a
of a word makes the
vowel in front say its
own alphabetic name.
e.g. hate, ride, cube,
bake, shire, mare,
lobe. Exceptions:
done, come, some,
give and have.
root word before adding
an ending beginning
with a vowel, but keep it
before a consonant.
e.g. love, loving,
lovely. drive, driving,
driver. settle, settled,
settling. grace,
graceful.
SPELLING RULES

 Words of one syllable  Words of two or more

ending in a single syllables double the final
consonant preceded by consonant before adding
a single vowel double ed and ing when these
the final consonant conditions are met: the
last syllable ends in a
before adding ed and single consonant
ing (trim - trimmed - preceded by a single
trimming). vowel, and the accent is
on the last syllable (refer
- referred - referring).
SPELLING RULES
 Regular plurals are made by
adding "s". e.g. animals,
horses, monkeys, and
cliffs.
 To form plurals of words with
a hissing ending, add "es".
i.e.after "s, x, z, sh, and
ch". e.g. buses, foxes,
buzzes, wishes and
churches.
 Words ending in an "o"
preceded by a consonant
usually add "es" to form the
plural. e.g. potatoes,
volcanoes. Exceptions:
pianos, solos, Eskimos
 Nouns ending in a single
"f" change the "f" to a "v"
before adding "es" to form
the plural. e.g. leaf –
leaves; wolf – wolves.
Exceptions: dwarfs, roofs,
chiefs.
SPELLING RULES
 If a word ends in a
consonant plus "y", change
the "y" to and "i", before
adding any ending. Except:
"ing". e.g. party – parties;
heavy – heaviness marry –
married; funny – funnily
carry – carriage; pretty –
prettier but; cry – crying;
hurry – hurrying
 Words ending in both a
single vowel and a single
consonant always double
the last consonant before
adding an ending. e.g.
stop, stopped, stopping.
flat, flatter, flattest. swim,
swimmer, swimming.
Exceptions: fix, box, fox,
mix. "x" is the same as
"ck"; that is it counts as a
double consonant ending.
SPELLING RULES
 When "g" is followed by "i",
"e" or "y", it says "j".
Otherwise it says "g" as in
gold. e.g. gentle, giant,
gymnastic. gallon, gold,
guide, glass, grow.
Exceptions: get, got, begin,
girl, give, gear, geese, gift,
girth, geyser, giddy.
 If a word of more than one
syllable ends in a "t",
preceded by a single vowel,
and has the accent on the
last syllable, then double the
final consonant. e.g.
permit; permitted. admit;
admitted. regret; regretted.
But, if the accent is on the
first syllable, don’t double
the "t". e.g. visit; visited.
benefit; benefited
SPELLING RULES
 "able" or "ible" endings.
Use "able": After root words.
e.g. available, dependable.
After root words ending in "e".
e.g. desirable, believable,
usable (drop the "e"). After "i".
e.g. reliable, sociable. When
other forms of the root word
have a dominant "a" vowel.
e.g. irritable, durable,
abominable. After a hard "c" or
"g". e.g. educable,
practicable, navigable.
Exceptions: formidable,
inevitable, memorable,
probable, portable,
indomitable, insuperable.
 Use "ible" After non-root
words. e.g. audible, horrible,
possible. When the root has an
immediate "ion"form. e.g.
digestible, suggestible,
convertible. After a root ending
in "ns" or "miss". e.g.
responsible, comprehensible,
permissible. After a soft "c" or
"g". e.g. legible, negligible,
forcible, invincible.
Exceptions: contemptible,
resistible, collapsible,
flexible.
SPELLING RULES

 For words ending in a  "q" is always written as

single "l" after a single "qu". It never stands by
vowel, double the "l" itself. e.g. quick,
before adding a suffix, queen, quarrel.
regardless of accent.
e.g. cancelled,
traveller, signalling,
metallic.
SPELLING RULES

 Keep the ´e´ in order to keep the ´soft´ sound

of c or g before suffixes beginning with a, e,
or o.
- Charge + -able = chargeable
- Notice + -able = noticeable
- Courage + -ous = courageous