Hot Changeover Techniques

AC UPS SYSTEMS
by Iman Hakim, Pilar Energi
2014
 Introductions

Changeover Techniques
As technologies change, many businesses find
themselves needing to change over their computer
information systems, power systems, utilities, etc.
Upgrading these kind of systems helps them optimize
their efficiency and remain competitive. Common
changeover areas include security systems, database
systems, processing plants, managerial information
systems, etc. Deciding which changeover technique will
work best for a particular company depends on the type
of changeover and degree of risk for the company.
 Changeover Techniques

There are 4 (four) types of Changeover Techniques:

1. Pilot Changeover

2. Direct Changeover

3. Parallel Changeover

4. Phased Changeover
 Pilot Changeover Techniques

With a pilot changeover, the new system is tried out at a

test site before launching it company-wide. For example, a
bank may first test the system at one of its branches. This
branch is referred to as the pilot, or beta, site for the
program. Since parallel changeovers tend to be expensive,
using the pilot changeover technique allows companies to
run the new system next to their old but on a much smaller
scale. This makes the pilot changeover method much more
cost-effective. After the kinks are worked out of the system
at the test site, companies usually opt to use the direct
changeover technique to launch the system company-wide.
 Changeover Techniques

1. Pilot Changeover

2. Direct Changeover

3. Parallel Changeover

4. Phased Changeover
 Direct Changeover Techniques

Direct changeover, also referred to as immediate

replacement, tends to be the least favorite of the
changeover techniques. In a direct changeover, the entire
system is replaced in an instant. Basically, as soon as the new
system is powered up, the old system is shut down. This
type of changeover carries the most risk because, if
something goes wrong, reverting back to the old system
usually is impossible. Using the direct changeover technique
tends to work best in situations where a system failure isn't
critical enough to result in a disaster for the company.
 Changeover Techniques

1. Pilot Changeover

2. Direct Changeover

3. Parallel Changeover

4. Phased Changeover
 Parallel Changeover Techniques

In a parallel changeover, the new system runs

simultaneously with the old for a given period of time. Of all
the techniques, this tends to be the most popular, mainly
because it carries the lowest risk. If something goes wrong
at any point, the entire system can be reverted back to its
original state. A primary disadvantage in running two
systems at the same time is higher costs. The parallel
changeover process also can be quite time-consuming.
 Changeover Techniques

1. Pilot Changeover

2. Direct Changeover

3. Parallel Changeover

4. Phased Changeover
 Phased Changeover Techniques

The phased changeover technique is considered a

compromise between parallel and direct changeovers. In a
phased changeover, the new system is implemented one
stage at a time. Advantages to phased changeovers are their
low cost and isolated errors. The main disadvantage is the
process takes a long time to complete because phases need
to be implemented separately.
 HCO Preparation
Byp. Isotrans. SSB
HCO Terminal
“So called External Bypass & ACDB” AVR CBA MBS CBXA
“Normally Open”

CBIA ACDB

Bypass Bypass Enclosure

Terminal ~/
~
Input Galvanic UPS Enclosure
Transformer
~/ =/
Mains = ~ LOAD
Terminal

CBI

CBB Inverter SSI Load

Battery Bank Rect./Charger Inverter O/P CBO Isolator CBXO
“Normally there is additional battery Galv.Isotra.
disconnector in separate battery junction box
for safety operation.”
 Preventive & Predictive
Existing UPS System(s)
Check all alarms and events then notes Measures
< 15 VAC
all measurements Synch Voltage
ACDB
X3

Bypass Enclosure
X2 ~/
~
UPS Enclosure

X1 ~/ =/
= ~ LOAD

Ensure Manual Bypass sets

in Continuous Operation
(Normal Mode)
 Installation & Energies New UPS
Manual Bypass Start-up
Measures B/P Voltage Availability Close Byp. Input Close Ouput
& Polarity Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker

Bypass Enclosure
X2 ~/
~
UPS Enclosure

X1 ~/ =/ LOAD X0
= ~

Sets Manual Measures

WARNING! “ELECTRICAL SHOCK Bypass Switch to O/P Voltage
HAZARD, TRAINED PERSONEL ONLY” Bypass Position
 Installation & Energies New UPS
System Start-up Sets Man. CB to
Normal Oper.
Close Battery Close Input Close Alternate MEASURES KEEP LOAD ON
Breaker CB Rectifier Circuit Breaker SYNCH VOLTAGE BYPASS MODE

< 15 VAC
X2 ~/
~

X1 ~/ =/ LOAD X0
= ~
INVERTER OFF
INVERTER ON

+/- +/-

Measures I/P Measures Battery Measures KEEP “SSI” Close O/P Inverter
Voltage Availability Voltage & Polarity Rectifer/Charger OPEN CIRCUIT Circuit Breaker
& Polarity Voltage & Polarity

WARNING! “LOAD MUST BE KEPT AT BYPASS POSITIONS DURING HCO”

 Pre-HCO
New UPS System
Switch OFF
Load Breaker

X2 ~/
~

X1 ~/= =/ LOAD X0
~
INVERTER OFF
INVERTER ON
+/- +/-

Ensure No Voltage Present

in Output Terminal
 Systems Connection
ATTENTION!
X2 ~/ “KEEP THIS CIRCUIT
~ BREAKER OPEN”

New UPS System

X1 ~/= =/ LOAD X0
~
INVERTER OFF
INVERTER ON

+/- +/-

Connect the output

of New UPS System
to HCO Line of
Existing UPS
X3

ATTENTION!
“KEEP THIS CIRCUIT
BREAKER OPEN”
From Existing
CONTINUOUS LOAD
UPS System
 HCO Act & Precaution
Close Load Circuit
Breaker (CB0)

From New X0
UPS System

X3 New Power Cable

connected!

X2 ~/ WARNING!
~
MEASURES SYNCH
VOLTAGE BEFORE
Existing UPS System
CIRCUIT BREAKER IS
X1 ~/ =/ CLOSED
= ~
INVERTER OFF
INVERTER ON

Load Transfer to Bypass

via Static Switch
 HCO Process

From New X0
UPS System

X3 Close CBX0 then

open Load Breaker
X2 ~/
~

Existing UPS System

X1 ~/ =/
= ~
INVERTER OFF
INVERTER ON Attention!
For Safety Reason, please
switch off Inverter
Open Load Breaker (otherwise specified)
 HCO Finish

Keep this
Breaker
New UPS X0
Close

System

Keep this
X3 Breaker
Open
Existing UPS De-Energized

Load is
Existing UPS supplied
from New
System UPS System
Thank You