Ionic Bonds

Chemistry
Mrs. Coyle
Part A:
 Ions
 Lewis Dot Structure
 Stable Octet (or Duet)
The Periodic Table and Atomic Radius
Valence Electrons

 Valence electrons are the electrons in the

highest occupied energy level of the atom.

 Valence electrons are the only electrons

generally involved in bond formation.
Electron Configuration of Sodium

 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

 Which is the valence electron for Na?

 Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Na , 11 e
Na + , 10e
A Positive Ion (Cation):

 An atom that has lost one or more electrons.

 + charge
Electron Dot Structure or
Lewis Dot Diagram
A notation showing the valence electrons
surrounding the atomic symbol.
Elements within the same group have
the same electron-dot structure.
A Negative Ion (Anion)

 An atom that has gained one or more

electrons.
 Negatively (-) charged.
Chlorine Atom  Chlorine Ion
 Check your Neighbor

When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence

electron, what element does its
configuration look like ?

a. Neon
b. Potassium
c. Beryllium
d. Sodium
 Check your Neighbor

When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence

electron, what element does its
configuration look like ?

a. Neon
b. Potassium
c. Beryllium
d. Sodium
 A Stable Octet
When the valence shell is full, the
atom is stable, less likely to react.

Example: Noble (Inert Gases)

Kr
Note
 Atoms tend to react in a way that would lead
them to have a stable octet.
Part B:

 Equations for Formation of Ions and Naming

Ions

 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

Equations for the Formation of Cations

H .  H+ + e-

Li .  Li+ + e-

Mg:  Mg2+ + 2e-

Equations for the Formation of Anions

. ..
:F: + e-  : F - :
.. ..
Naming cations (+).
 Use the name of the metal.

 Example: Na+
 Sodium ion.
Naming Anions(-)
 Use the name of the nonmetal with the
ending –ide.

 Example: F-
 Fluoride
Ionic Compounds
 Are made up of:
 a metal and a nonmetal ion.
 polyatomic ions.
Naming Ionic Compounds,
a First Look
 Example: NaF

 Sodium Fluoride
Example:
 Which of the following compounds are ionic?

1. NaCl
2. CO2
3. CO
4. KF
5. KNO3
Some Common Ions
Bonding
 Elements that do not have a complete octet,
tend to react.
 When the elements react bonds are formed.
Types of Bonds
 Ionic
 Metallic
 Covalent
Ionic Bonds

 Bonds that are formed by transfer of

electrons from one element to the other.

 Each element (now an ion) will have a

complete octet after the transfer of electrons.
 The Ionic Bond
• The electrical force of attraction between
oppositely charged ions.

Na+ F−
Example:
Formation of Lithium Fluoride

. ..
Li . + :F:  Li+ : F- :
.. ..
Is an Ionic Compound Electrically
Neutral or Charged?
Movie Clip
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhV
qQ&NR=1
Chemical Formula
 A representation of the kinds and number of
atoms in a substance.
Formula Unit
 A chemical formula that shows the
lowest whole number ratio of the
atoms (ions) in an ionic compound.

 Example: KCl, Mg Cl2

The formula unit is used because ionic
compounds have a lattice arrangement
of ions. Ex: NaCl
 Which ball
represents
the Na?