GROUP :

1.RISHABH PANDEY
2. ADITYA JAGTAP
3. DHIRAJ PEVEKAR
4.MANAS GUJARE
5.ANKIT GUPTA
6. VISHAL PAWAR
 MUMBAI IS SAID TO BE A CITY OF PARADOXES. IT IS SAID TO BE MINI
INDIA IN MANY WAYS- ITS PEOPLE, THEIR ACTIVITIES, DRESSES,
FOOD HABITS, FESTIVALS, ETC. MUMBAI, THE NAME IS ACCOCIATED
WITH SKYSCRAPERS, WIDE ROADS, BEAUTIFUL MARINE DRIVE.
MUMBAI IS SAID TO BE A LAND OF OPPORTUNITIES.

 MUMBAI AND ITS SUBURBAN ARES IS HIGHLY ORGANISED AND

MOST OF THE INDUSTIRIES ARE LOCATED IN A MIX AREA. THERE IS
NO BUFFER ZONE IS PROVIDED. MANY LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
AND MEDIUM SCALE UNITS ARE OPERATIONAL IN MUMBAI. DUE TO
A BAN ON THE EXPANSION OF INDUSTRIES IN MUMBAI AREA
THERE ARE LOT OF ISSUES IN MUMBAI.
i. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY PROBLEM – Mumbai has a very high
incidence of chronic respiratory problems arising from
extreme air pollution . The cause of pollution are mainly
industries in eastern suburbs and New Bombay (Navi
Mumbai ), garbage burning by the BMC , and insufficient
control over emmision levels from the vehicles

a. CHEMBUR- (GAS CHAMBER): Night burning of garbage at

the 100 hectare Municipal Garbage Dump , North of the
Chembur – Vashi road affects Chembur , Ghatkopar ,
Mankhurd and Navi Mumbai. ENVIONRNMENTAL HEALTH
RIGHTS ORGANISATION OF INDIA (EHROI) , claims that the level
particulate matter around the dump is about 2000
microgrammes per cubic metre . WHO norms puts an upper
limit of 150 .A recent study by the Enviornmental Pollution
Research Centre (EPRC) , found that about 10% of the
population of chembur suffer from bronchitis and
respiratory distrees caused by pollution
b. SOUTH MUMBAI : 22 air monitaring stations owned by BMC
carry out routine checks of nitrogen dioxide , sulphur-dioxide
and suspended particular matter. Carbon mono-oxide levels
are not monitored . A recent studies by the EPRC found very
high levels of these gas from traffics exhausts . The high-risk
areas were found to be CST , Bendi Bazar and Parel

c. NAVI MUMBAI : Located close to Thane – Belapur ,the largest

chemical industry zone in Asia . Navi Mumbai is exposed to
high levels of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals realesed by this
industries . Studies conduct in 1974 had lead the CENTRAL
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,
t o oppose the proposed location of Navi mumbai . How ever ,
CIDCO ignored this advice and proceeded with the
development . In a reprensentation to the National Human
Rights Commision , it has been pointed out that several
chemical factories flout regulations by realeasing noxious
gases at night. The memorandum allgies that chemical
industries have not made investments into effluent processing
.
 Mangroves are an integral part of the landscape of
mumbai.However,they are fast disappering,owing to the
rampant constructions and lack of governmental will for
their protection. Mangroves are small woody plants
which are found in low-lying shallow areas.Mangrove
ecosystems serve as a buffer between the land and the
sea. They acctually protect the land from the impact of
the sea and by trapping silt.For a major economic port
like mumbai,this is very crucial to maintain stability
along the coast line and avoid accidents.however,the city
has not yet learned to appreciate this service done by
mangroves .
 Mumbai is surrounded by over 5000 acres of mangrove
swamps spread over to various areas like
mahim,madh,thane creek,versova,gorai and
ghodbundar.Of these,Mumbai has lost almost 40%
reclamation of land for construction and developmental
projects.About 300 acres was sanctioned to built the
ESSELWORLD AMUSEMENT PARK in goraie creek at
borivali and a GOLF COURCE AT ANDHERI.
However,the biggest symbol of destruction of mangroves
is the BANDRA KURLA COMPLEX(BKC), which was built
on a reclaimed land, almost strangulating the mouth of the
MITHI RIVER.Creation of infrastructure is an impportant
and totally justifiable end in the city like mumbai which is
aiming to gain an international look.
 However ,unplanned urban development without
respecting the course of nature will always backfire in the
form of a disaster like floods of 26th July ,2005. in a
coastal city, wetlands, wastelands, saltpanlands and
mangroves function as buffer zones against tidal
movements . Each of these have been systematically
destroyed which has resulted in deterioration of land .

 Mangroves land has been reclaimed in the name of slum

rehabilitation and garbage dumps .on these pretexts
,valuable mangroves are destroyed to make way for high
rise building . Another fact which is not understood is
that marshy land is not meant for extensive construction
and concretisation of such land reduces its water
absorption capacity . This makes natural regeneration of
under ground aquifires almost impossible . In addition to
this ,construction debris and garbage is also dumped in
mangrove swamps in a bid to reclaim land .
 Mangroves have been classified as aCoastal
Regulation Zone -1 (CRZ) ,which means any
construction cannot take palce without pemission of
CRZ AUTHORITY .It means allconstruction
activities in the mangrove area are a violation of the
CRZ Rules .even at a bandra –Worli Sea – link and
the Sewri-nhavasheva sea link are also example of
large scale projects that shall considerably affect
mangroves in those areas . IMPLEMENTATION OF
THIS Sea link would mean the virtual blockage of the
Mithi River and further narrowing of the mouth of th
Mahim Bay .
 CRZ is regulation to control and protect our coastal areas
with a specific view to protect the ecologically sensitive
coastal stretches which run into aproximately 7500km.
The regulation is divided into four parts -CRZ1,2,3 and 4
 CRZ1- appliesto ecological sensitive coastal stretches.
 CRZ2- applies to coastal stretches within muncipal limits
and urban areas which are substantially developed upto
seashore with necessary infrastructure like roads ,water
supply, drainage .
 CRZ3- applies to the coastal stetches in ruyral areas and
all other coastal stretches covered in CRZ1 and CRZ2.
 CRZ4- applies to all coast of Andaman and Nicobar
islands .
 CRZ1and2 areapplicable to the city of Mumbai .
 Mumbai has a limited land area being an island . Since the introduction
of the CRZ law, 30 percent of all developable land in city and 35 percent
in the suburbs fall within the purview of this law and in some way or
other development on this land is restricted . Mumbai has the lowest
allowable FSI to the population density 1.33 in the city and 1.0 in
suburbs . Other cities in the world with much less population have 10 to
15 times more FSI .Land in Mumbai being scarce –coupled with less FSI
,and with any law that cuts into kitty – creates scarcity which is turn
helped the escalation of the real estate in 1995 ,Mumbai was the third
most expensive in the world after Tokyo and New York .

 In addition to 12 million population of Mumbai , 100 migrate almost

daily to city . We are unable to curve the influx of the 100 of people who
are to coming to Mumbai daily in search of work and opportunities . The
high prices due to non – availability of land , coupled with others laws
like the land ceiling and rent control acts – the cost of housing is very
high – making it unaffordable and disproportionate to the vast majority
of the salaried class – thus forcing them to seek alternative
accommadation – accommadation in slums .
 The biggest problem Mumbai is facing today is the slum- dwellers and
roadside squatters who utilize the city infrastructure without any
returns to the city . According to the new law , by which the slum –
dwellers would be rehabilitated . The slum plots are granted
additional higher F.A.R .., whereby the slum – dwellers would get free
houses and the developer can use the balance area to construct
housing for sale the open market and hence , the project will be
financially viable .
 A similar policy and law exists for the old damaged buildings in
mumbai city – where in reconstruction , the developers where to
rehouse the old tenants and utilize the balance area for free sale of
housing .
 CRZ AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
Despite the fact that solid waste is not allowed in CRZ
,but Mumbai needs to dispose 6000 tones of solid
waste per day . The missing links of the DP road prior
to 1991 ,are not permitted and therefore
,transportation problem has become acute .

 CRZ AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

1. Hotels in Juhu and Versova cannot execute their
development Progammes neither Esselworld could
expand because of CRZ .World over such
environmental laws are not with such restrictions .
For example ,in Japan qn airport is floating on the
water . Dubai is having massive construction plans
for Palm Jumeriah Island on the Sea .
2. Development of saltpan land in CRZ 1,2,3 is almost
60 percent of the total area , which is 2,177 acres . The
land can be used for development but because of CRZ ,
it cannot be utilised . Secondly , MHADA also cannot
develop their buildings because of CRZ . In its project
at Gorai ,which was financed by the World bank ,the
authorities ttok seven years to clear the land and
allowed construction .
Thus, considering Mumbai’s population growth ,the
demand for land is increasing ever since and CRZ is
restricting the growth of htis international city. Out of
the total area of the island 437 sq.km., 133 sq.km. Is in
CRZ 1 , 110 sq.km. Is in CRZ 2, and 25 sq.km is in CRZ
3 . The land – starved Mumbai is not having relaxtion
in the norms.
 In Mumbai , several infrastructure projects like
Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Projects(MUTP)for
the good of the city. These projects can be carried out
only with the felling of trees in those particular areas.
 For example, one project- the Eastern Express
Highway- over 12,000 trees were cut down. In
addition to this many builders carry out illegal
hacking of trees and the Tree Authority sadly
chooses to remain passive . On the other hand, the
Tree Authority issued 3,503 permissions to cut trees.
Mumbai is the only metropolitan city in the world which can boast of a
National park in the middle of one of its busiest suburbs . Unfortunately
, the existence of this green space is being threatened by illegal
construction activities , encroachment by slums and quarrying .
Quarrying activities are responsible for the erosion of the land and have
also affected the habitats of the animals. The park is affected the habitats
of the animals. The park is affected from all sides by unchecked human
encroachment . With the entry of main into nature , leopards attacks on
people have started increasing day-by-day.
 The national park is a treasure of various spices of birds
and animals. Besides, it is the green lung of the city ,
whose strangulation would mean the end of the city. 85%
of Mumbai water supply comes from Tansa and Vihar
lakes, which are located in the environs of the park
.Destruction of the park would affect the water supply
adversely.
Noise level of the vehicles were recorded in ten heavy traffic
locations in Mumbai City and suburbs .The worst –affected areas
are Goregoan , Sion junction and Malad were noise levels of
autos were found to be anywhere between 79-82 decibles.
Noise seriously harms human health and interferes with people’s
daily activities at school ,at work ,at home ,and durin leisure time
. The main health risks of noise identified by W.H.O are :
 Pain and hearing fatigue .
 Hearing impairment including tinnitus .
 Change in social behaviour – aggressiveness ,protest and
helplessness .
 Cardiovascular effects.
 Performance at work and school .
In early 1990 when the Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Development Authority (MMRDA) was developing the Bandra –
Kurla Complex environmentalists had warned the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF) of a possible black lash. Owing
to the commercial promise it held , the projects required no
environmental clearance ,as was the case of big construction
projects in suburbs . So 730 acres was filled ignoring
recommendation of the K.G.Paranjpe Committee in the 1987 ;
the Mangrove Committee of 1993 ,the National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute report (NEERI) of 1994-96 ; and
the Bombay Natural History Society’s report for MoEF.
On July 26, Mumbai recorded the highest ever rainfall (944mm)
in a 24 hour period in the country , higher than recorded at
Cherranpunji (838mm) , one of the wettes places on the Earth .
Of this 644 mmrain fell between 8:00 am to 8:00 pm .
Mumbai is the only metropolitan city in the world which can boast of a
National park in the middle of one of its busiest suburbs . Unfortunately ,
the existence of this green space is being threatened by illegal
construction activities , encroachment by slums and quarrying .
Quarrying activities are responsible for the erosion of the land and have
also affected the habitats of the animals. The park is affected the habitats
of the animals. The park is affected from all sides by unchecked human
encroachment . With the entry of main into nature , leopards attacks on
people have started increasing day-by-day.
Kurla and Kalina were among the worst affected area in
suburbs in Mumbai . Both these areas are on the bank of
mithi river that passes through the city before entering into
the sea at Mahim .
In Jogeshwari , Malad , Kandivli ,a ‘Nallah’ overflow and
washed away hutments nearby . Further ,North in Vasai
and Nalasopara the water had not recessed even after three
days of rain.
THANK YOU .