Chemical Reactions and

Collision Theory
Chemistry I 2007
 Chemical reaction Format
Generic Format

A + B C + D

Reactants Products
 Substances being
Substance being
mixed
made
LHS of arrow
RHS of arrow

“Yield” = reaction
taking place
 Types of Chemical Reactions
5 main types of Chemical Reactions
1) Synthesis
2) Decomposition
3) Single Displacement
4) Double Displacement
5) Combustion
 Synthesis
Synthesis means “to make”
Generic RXN Always
A + B C makes
1 product

Real Life reaction

Fe + O2 Fe2O3 Iron (III) Oxide

AKA RUST
Iron main Oxygen
component in steel
Decomposing video

Decomposition
Generic Reaction
A B + C

Only 1
Reactant

Real Life Reaction

H2O2 H2 + O2

Hydrogen Peroxide
 Single Displacement
Generic Reaction

Metal for a
metal
A + XY X + AY

OR

Non-metal for A + XY Y + XA
a Non-metal
 Single Displacement

A + XY X + AY

Always a Always a Compound (2 or

Single more elements)
Element
 Single Displacement

Al + HCl H2 + AlCl3

Single Compound (2 or more elements)

Element
 Double Displacement
Generic Reaction

AB + XY XB + AY

2 Compounds
(2 or more elements
bonded together)
 Double displacement
Compound 1 Compound 2

KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + KNO3

K and Pb switch
 Combustion
Burning a substance in the
Generic reaction
presence of oxygen (O2)

CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

Hydrocarbon
ALWAYS
 Combustion
C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Octane
Gasoline

CH3OH + O2 CO2 + H2O

Methanol
 Chemical Reaction Review
Generic Format of reaction

A + B C + D

Reactants Products

5 different types of chemical reactions

1) Synthesis 4) Double Displacement

2) Decomposition 5) Combustion
3) Single Displacement
 How do reactions occur?

Collision Theory Collision

Collision TheoryTheory

In order for a chemical reaction to take place,

the reactants must collide.

The collision transfers kinetic energy needed

to break the necessary bonds so that new
bonds can be formed.
 Collision requirements
Requirement 1
Must have the proper orientation. 2HCl + Mg  MgCl2 + H2


Mg H---Cl H-ClCl-Mg
H Mg
Wrong Orientation Correct
Orientation
 Collision requirements
Requirement 2
Must have enough kinetic energy to reach a
threshold of energy called activation energy

H---Cl Mg H---Cl Mg
H Cl--Mg
Energy of Activation
Energy of Activation
 Increasing the Rate of Reactions
What needs to happen in order for the rate
of the chemical reaction to increase (go
faster)?

More collisions = Faster reaction rate

 4 Factors that cause more
collisions
1) ____________
2) ____________
3) ____________
4) ____________
 5th way in increase Rxn Rate
Add a Catalyst = Speeds up a reaction but
is not used in the reaction

Lowers the activation energy

 Summary
• Molecules must collide with the correct
orientation and enough energy in order to
react.
More collisions Faster the reaction
rate.
Increase Temperature, Concentration,
Pressure, and surface area results in
more collisions therefore faster reactions.
Adding a catalysts lowers the energy of
activation thus faster reaction rate.