ANALYSIS OF RIZAL’S MAKAMISA

DINGLASA – ESCALANTE – LUMIBAW

UNFINISHED SEQUEL TO EL FILIBUSTERISMO

• DISSATISFACTION AFTER NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO

 WHAT MOVED HIM TO WRITE THE NOVEL?

• A TAGALOG NOVEL INTENDED FOR TAGALOG READERS

RATHER THAN EUROPEANS

At the time, Rizal was on his way back to the Philippines,

and the propaganda movement itself was beginning to shift,
away from addressing Spain and Europe towards speaking to
Filipinos themselves.
 WHAT MOVED HIM TO WRITE THE NOVEL?

• STRUGGLE OF THE TAGALOG LANGUAGE

Having travelled in Europe for years at a time, he had become

rusty in Tagalog.
 WHAT MOVED HIM TO WRITE THE NOVEL?

• “TO SACRIFICE POLITICS AND EVERYTHING FOR THE ART”

It deals only with Tagalog customs, exclusively of the usages,

virtues and defects of the Tagalogs. I am sorry I cannot write it in
Spanish, for I have found a very beautiful theme. I want to write a
novel in the modern sense of the term – an artistic and literary
novel.
WHY WAS IT UNFINISHED?

• RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN (1892)

“ANTICLERICAL” NOVEL

• attributed to the fact that since the Makamisa was created to

depict the mores and customs of the Tagalogs, the Spaniards’
influence on the Filipinos was especially emphasized, mostly
negative outnumbering the positive ones
• Nation-formation is a continuing process, and
such a construct as the national literature must
remain unstable and unsettled, for it is when it is
so that it is most open and creative.