CORRECTION

CORRECTION

• Refers to the branch of the criminal justice

system that deals with individuals who have
been convicted of a crime. The role of the
correctional system is to ensure that an
offender’s sentence is carried out, whether it’s
time in jail or prison, probation, or community
service.

• Is the community’s reaction to a convicted

offender. It is the fourth pillar of CJS and
considered as the weakest among the pillars.
• Penology - it is the division of criminology
that focus with the philosophy and practice of
society in its effort to repress criminal
activities. It was derived from the Latin word
“poena” which means “pain” or “suffering”.
• Punishment - it is regarded as an effective
means of social control. It is the imposition of
penalty whether in a form of imprisonment
and fine or both.
• Protection - it is regarded as a social
defence wherein the society would gain
protection by putting criminals behind bars.
• Diversification - it refers to penal system’s
implementation of segregation.
• Classification - it is the method of placing
prisoners into type of categories by which
diagnosis treatment planning and execution
of treatment programs are coordinated in
individual case.
• Carpeta - the institutional record of inmate
which consist of his commitment order, the
prosecutor’s information and the decision of
the court, including the appellate court if
there is any.
• Custody - a penal safekeeping includes
measures and activities.
• Prison - refers to institution for
confinement of sentence prisoners
serving imprisonment for more than three
years.
• Penal Management - refers to the
manner or practice of managing or
controlling places of confinement as in
jails or prisons.
• Correctional administration – study
and practice of systematic management
of jails or prisons.

• Correctional psychology – aspect of

forensic psychology which is concerned
with the diagnosis and classification of
offenders, the treatment of correctional
populations, and the rehabilitation of
inmates and other law violators.
 Role, Objectives or Purpose of the
Corrections
-The purpose or objectives of modern corrections
on contemporary society are retribution,
deterrence, isolation, reformation,
rehabilitation and reintegration.
Retribution
-Is incarceration or imprisonment is carried out
and justified by the State as penalty for the law
violated. Imprisonment is expected to make life
unpleasant for the people who, by their crimes,
made others live unpleasant.
 -Is at the heart of just about all judicial
systems that deal with law and order. To the
extent that punishment is supposed to fit the
crime, retributive justice can be distinguished
from revenge in the sense that defendants are
expected to give up something in return for
the offenses they committed.

 Isolation
-Is a segregation criminals from society are
aimed at preventing the occurrence of crime
and protecting the public from harm, which
criminals may inflict.
 Deterrence
-Is the State wants to protect the society by
reducing crime and isolating segregating criminals
through imprisonment. Prison is expected to
reform convicts and effectively deters or
discourages others from becoming criminals and
thereby effectively reduces crime rates as a
result.
 Reformation
-This involves the use of punitive and
disciplinary measures such as solitary
confinement, to modify or reform criminal
behavior whose conduct and deportment is not
totally responding to rehabilitation programs.
 Rehabilitation
-Is based on the premise that through
correctional intervention (educational and
vocational training and psychotherapeutic
programs), an offender may be changed. This
punishment is also known as individualized
treatment.
 Reintegration
-Is the effort of correction to change
criminal behavior should result in a situation
and ability on the part of the penitent offender
to return society in some productive and
meaningful capacity in a free community.
Theoretical Foundation in Dealing with
Criminal

• The Classical School Thought – adheres

further to the doctrine of psychological hedonism
wherein an individual calculates pleasure and
pain in advance of action and regulates his
conduct by the results of his calculation. “ Let
punishment fits the crime” (Becarria)
• The Neo-Classical School of Thought –
punishment is imposed on some lawbreakers but
not on others. By implication, individual
responsibility was taken into account.
• The Positive School of Thought – this school views crime
as a social phenomenon and attaches importance to the
criminal offenders.

Development of Prison in Europe

- In 1166 A.D. Assize of Clarendon (Constitution of
Clarendon)constructed the first facility designed solely for public
incarnation. This facility was known as GAOL(Know as the Jail today)

- With the development of the tribunals or courts in England, trials

were being done before an individual is given punishment while the
offenders who are awaiting were placed in GAOL.

- The GAOL was made not as a form of punishment but a confinement

of the criminals before they are being transported.
 – America was a colony of England, and it was
discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1892.
– The American prison system was the same as
England.
– Adopted a “fee system "for operating jails.

IN THE MIDDLE OF 18th CENTURY

• The forms of punishment started to change, as the
period of enlightenment begins to emerged.
• John Howard was the one pioneers to advocate a
change of punishment.
• Howard also is a former prisoner and firs English
prison reformer as he was then appointed sheriff of
Bedford shire a local Gaol in England.
 NEW CONDITIONS OF THE PRISONER AND TO THE STAFFa
• Prisoner must be segregated according to sex, age, and
gravity of their offense
• The jailer staff must be paid to prevent extortion to
prisoners
• A chaplain and medical officer must be employed to
address the spiritual and medical needs of the prisoners
• Prisoner should be provided with clothing and food
• Liquor should be prohibited in jail
• As a result of John Howard's findings and
recommendations the penitentiary Act of 1779 was
passed which provided the establishment of a secure,
clean, and systematic prison, and abolished the fees for
basic services.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRISONMENT IN AMERICA

• The Pennsylvania system

• William Penn the governor of the state of
Pennsylvania initiated early reforms in their prison
system such as:
• Abolishing capital punishment for crimes other
than homicide
• Substitution of bloody punishment to imprisonment
and hard labor
• Providing free food and logging to inmates
replacing the pillory and stocks with houses of
detention.
FOLLOWING THE LEGACY OF WILLIAM PENN
• The Quakers of Pennsylvania transformed
Philadelphia's Walnut Street Jail into a penitentiary
in 1790.
• Humane and religious principles were applied into
handling a prisons.
• The rehabilitation process was anchored to the
principles in the bible
• Their solitary confinement was intentionally
designed to avoid contact with other inmates
• Prisoners were allowed to work inside their cells
and they are not allowed to talk
• This is the concept called “Pennsylvania system”
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE

• An Englishman
• Birth of the British Penal colony in Norfolk
• On 1840, Maconochie assumed his post in Norfolk Island.
• Develop a system where punishment one’s crime
committed was still maintained while a process of reform
was provided to the offenders.
• Good behavior means early release
• Father of Parole
• On 1844, Maconochie was relieve of his duties as warden
due to coddling inmates . Because according to the leaders
of England the method used by Maconochie is too lenient.
SIR WALTER CROFTON
• Was the chairman of Board of prison in Ireland
• He was influences of Maconochie’s efforts of early
release.
• Believed that the amount of time served should be
released to the prisoners reformation.
• Convict could not be rehabilitated without successful
reintegration into the community.
• On 1854, Crofton established the irish concept of
ticket of-leave system. Where offenders could earn
their release by stages:
• First stage, inmates were held in solitary
confinement and reformed dull and monotonous work
in prison.
• Second stage, prisoners were assigned to spiked
island where they work on fortifications or public
works projects.
• Third stage, prisoners were assigned in field units in
which they worked directly to the community on
community projects with unharmed guards
supervising them
• Fourth stage, prisoners worked in the community
without supervision, moving freely between prisons
and the community.
• Fifth stage, prisoners who were able to follow the
stages successfully were awarded the ticket of leave
• Ticket of leave – Is a conditional release that be
revoked any time before the original sentence expired.
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES

• The former president of the United States

• Was elected as the first president of the
National Prison Association.
• He encouraged the separation of the offenders
by age, the practice of indeterminate sentence,
academic and vocational training for inmates.
THE SET OF PRISON PRINCIPLES
• Religion and education are the most important agencies
of reformation
• Discipline should be administered so that it gains the
cooperation of the inmate and maintains his self-respect
• The goal of the prison should be to make industrious
free citizens, not orderly and obedient prisoner
• Industrial training should be fully provided
• Religion and education are the most important agencies
of reformation
• Discipline should be administered so that it gains the
cooperation of the inmate and maintains his self-respect
• The goal of the prison should be to make
industrious free citizens, not orderly and obedient
prisoner.
• Industrial training should be fully provided
• Prisons should be small; separate institution
should be provided for different types of
offenders.
• The social training of prisoners should be
facilitated; silence rules should be abolished.
• Society at large must realize that are responsible
for the conditions that bleed crimes.
GAYLORD B. HUBBELL

• Was the warden of Sing-sing Prison in New York

• Recommended that Indeterminate Sentence be
used in America Prisons creating a reformatory
based upon concept of an early release if the
inmate reformed himself\herself
 Method of Punishment
• Public humiliation – shame punishment
• Exile/banishment
• Payment to the victim
• Branding (stigmatizing)– is the process
by which a mark is burned into the skin of
a living person.
• Flogging (flagellation) – is the act of
methodically beating of whipping the
human body.
• Mutilation (maiming) – is the act of
physical injury that degrades the
appearance or function of any living body
usually without causing death.
• Burning
• Beheading
Ancient forms of Punishment
• Death Penalty – affected by burning,
beheading, hanging and pillory and other
form of medieval executions.
• Physical torture – barbaric forms of inflicting
pain, ex. Mutilation, whipping.
• Social degradation – putting the offender into
shame or humiliation.
• Banishment or exile – the sending or putting
away of an offender which was carried out
either by prohibition against coming into a
specific territory such as island to where the
offender has been removed.
• Other similar forms of punishment like
transportation and slavery.
Contemporary Forms of Punishment
• Imprisonment – putting the offender to
prison for the purpose of protecting the
public against criminal activities and at the
same time rehabilitating the prisoners by
requiring them to undergo institutional
treatment programs.
• Parole – a conditional release of a prisoner
after serving part of his/her sentence in
prison for the purpose of gradually
reintroducing him/her to free life under the
guidance and supervision of a parole officer.
• Probation – a disposition whereby a
defendant after conviction of an offense, the
penalty of which does not exceed six years
imprisonment, is released subject to the
conditions imposed by the releasing court and
under the supervision of a probation officer.
• Fine – an amount given as a compensation
for a criminal act.
• Destierro – the penalty of banishing a
person from the place where he committed a
crime, prohibiting him to get near or enter
25km perimeter.
 Duration of Penalties
• Death penalty – capital punishment
• Reclusion Perpetua – an imprisonment of
20 years and 1 day to 40 years imprisonment
• Reclusion temporal – an imprisonment of 12
years and 1 day to 20 years imprisonment
• Prison correctional – 6 months and 1 day to
6 years
• Arresto mayor – 1 month and 1 day to 6
months
• Arrestomenor – 1 day to 30 days
DIFFERENT PENAL SYSTEM/INSTITUTION
Elmira Reformatory
– the forerunner of modern penology due
to its extensive use of parole, social case work
and training school type of institution. It
incorporated the first official use of parole
release in the US.
Auburn System
– it is one of the forerunners of modern
correctional system wherein they confine the
prisoners in single cells at night but allow them
to work in congregate shops during the day.
 Pennsylvania System
– the penal method based on the
principle that solitary confinement fosters
penitence and encourages reformation.
Prisoners were kept in solitary
confinement Prisoners saw no one except
institution officers and an occasional
visitor. Solitary penitence, however, was
soon modified to include the performance
of work such as shoemaking or weaving.
It was spread until it predominated in
European prisons.
 HISTORICAL FACTS IN CORRECTION
ADMINISTRATION: UNIVERSAL
 1st HOUSE OF CORRECTION
-St. Bridget’s Well (or Bridewell) 1552
London and England. Used for locking up
and employing whipping for beggars;
prostitutes and night walkers.
 GOALS
-are poorly constructed unsanitary damp,
drafty or airless gloomy dungeons, foul
smelling places of detention in early 18th
Century.
 THE HULKS
- or Prison Ships (an alternative to
Goal according to John Howard) is
anchored in some English Port use as
prisons.

 THE PANOPTICON
- or inspection Prison House designed
by JEREMY BENTHAM described as TANK
like structure.
 THE 1ST ENGLISH PRISON
- was made due to the terrible
conditions of Goals & Hulks. Egland built
the MILBANK PENITENTIARY in 1812-
1821.

 THE WALNUT STATE PRISON

- 1st prison in US located in
Philadelphia and establishes the principle
of SOLITARY CONFINEMENT. Walnut
Street Jail is the 1st American
Penitentiary.
 THE NEW GATE PRISON
- is not actually a prison but a copper mine located
at Simsbury Connecticut where all inmates are
confined underground.

 THE AUBURN AND PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM

- this is the locking of inmate separately at night
but worked together in enforce silence in congregate
at day.

THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY

- was opened in cherry Hill in Philadelphia in 1829.
The prisoners are kept in single cells, where they lived
slept read their Bibles and received moral instructions.
 NEW YORK HOUSE OF REFUGE
- 1st Juvenile Reformatory opened in
1825 in New York City.

 MACONOCHIE THE MARK SYSTEM

- progenitor of the Good Conduct
Time Allowance which was adopted by
the Irish Prison System but carried in
different manner.
 RULING PRINCIPLE OF THE IRISH
PRISON SYSTEM
- progenitor of the individual treatment of
offenders, group work therapy and parole.
 ELMIRA AND THE AMERICAN
REFORMATOTY SYSTEM

- Constructed like AUBURN opened in 1876

with Zebulon R. Brockway as its 1st
Superintendent intended for hardened
criminal offenders.
 - This system was based on grading the
performance of the inmate until it reaches the
highest grade in order to avail parole. Its legal
basis was the indeterminate sentence and good
conduct and behavior using the mark system of
Maconochie. This is also 1st Reformatory
Institution of America.

• Elmira Reformatory
-Open in 1876, consider as the first penal
institution to remodel its penal philosophy
away from punitive and retributive practices and
veered them towards reformation and treatment.
 ALCATRAZ
- Known as “The Rock” was opened
in 1934 but closed in March 1963
because it is expensive to operate.
No one able to escape (although
several attempts had been made) in
this escape proof penal facility of
the US Federal State.
 Correctional System in the Philippines

• As one of the pillars of the Criminal Justice

System in the Philippines correction pillar at
present has two system based approaches.
One is the institutional-based and the other is
the non-institutional or community based
system.

• Institutional systems a system was inmates

(prisoners) are house for their rehabilitation
treatment and programs.
 Agencies under the Philippine
Correctional System
 Department of Justice (DOJ)
-takes care of the National inmates
(Prisoners)
 Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG)
-takes care of Municipal, city and
provincial Inmates (prisoners)
Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD)
-takes care for rehabilitation of Child in
Conflict with Law (formerly known as Juvenile
Delinquents)
 Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)
-principally task for the rehabilitation of
national prisoners so they can become useful
members of society upon completion of their
sentence.
MISSION OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
BUREAU OF CORRECTION

• To confine person who are convicted by the courts

to serve a sentence in the national prisons.
• To provide a correctional environment, that aims to
protect the physical and emotional well being of the
offenders.
• To provide opportunities for rehabilitation programs
designed to change the offenders behavior.
• To provide humane treatment by affording them
humane basic needs in the correctional community
and prohibiting cruel methods.
• To engage in agro-industries for the
purpose of developing penal farms into
productive profit centers, employ offenders
manpower skill and labor and provides
them a source of income and supplement
the bureau’s appropriated funds
 Board of Parole and Pardons (BPP)
-Recommends to President, prisoners
qualified for parole, pardon or other forms
executive clemency.

 Parole and Probation Administration

(PPA)
-Exercise general supervision over all
parolees and probationers and promotes
the correction and rehabilitation of
offenders outside the prison institution.
 Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology
-takes charge of District, City and
Municipal jails nationwide.

 Provincial Local Government

Units
-Operated the Provincial Jails.
 HISTORICAL FACTS: LOCAL
• In the Philippines correctional institutions are of two
types. The INSTITUTIONAL and NON-INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION. Large Correctional Services are
primarily responsibility of the Bureau of Prisons under
the DOJ whom are entrusted to:
1. To segregate from society persons who by
their acts have proven themselves dangerous to
society; and
2. To strive at the correction of prisoners with
the hope that when they return to society, they
shall be able to lead a normal, well- adjusted, self
supporting and useful lives & law abiding citizens.
LEGAL BASIS:

a. Revised Administration Code (section

1705-1751 otherwise Known as the
Prison Law & RA 6975- The Creation
of the BJMP under DILG
b. The basic law in the Philippines Prison
System is found in Sections 1705-
1751 of the Revised Administrative
Code, otherwise known as the Prison
Law
c. The Prison Law states that the head of
the Bureau of Prisons is the Director
who is appointed by the President of
the Philippines with the confirmation of
the Commission on Appointments.
d. The Bureau of Prisons has general
supervision and control of national and
provincial prisons and all penal
settlements, and is charged with the
safekeeping of all prisons confined
therein or committed to the custody of
the said Bureau.
 CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Jail- is primarily adult penal institutions
used for the detention of law violators.
Types of Jail
1. Lock-up Jail – security facility
operated by personnel of the local law
enforcement units for temporary detention
of person under investigation or waiting
preliminary investigation.
2. Ordinary Jail – this facility
houses prisoner convicted of
offenses which the punishment
does not exceed three years of
imprisonment and those with
pending cases before the courts
and run by BJMP.
Categories of prisoner under PD
No. 29

 National/Insular Prisoner
- 8 (DOJ-BuCor)
- One whose maximum sentence is
more than 3 years/fine of not more than
P5,000.00
- Violation of Custom Laws
 - Violation of Immigration Laws
- Violation of Election Laws
- To one sentenced to serve 2 or more
sentence the total of which exceeds 3 years
 Provincial Prisoners
- 82 (Provincial Governor/Warden)
- Those sentenced to 6 months and 1 day
up to 3 years of imprisonment.
- Provincial jails having jurisdiction of their
sentence.
 City/Municipal Prisoners
City Prisoners
- More than 70 (BJMP City Warden)
-Those who were convicted in city and
sentenced to a maximum of 3 years are sent to
serve their sentence in City jails.
Municipal Prisoners
- 1,445 (BJMP Municipal Warden
- An offender sentenced up to 6 months
imprisonment confined to jail or the
municipality where the offender is
convicted.
 DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL PRISONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
The bureau of prisons was created by the
virtue of reorganization Act No.1407 on
November 1 1905 and was named bureau of
corrections in the Administrative code of 1987 per
executive order 292 on November 22 1989.

SPANISH PERIOD
• 2 prisons was established by the Spaniards.
• The Bilibid prison is the first and it was located in
manila
• San Ramon Prison in August 21 1869 through
section 1720 of the revised Administrative Code.
• As a political prisoner

AMERICAN PERIOD
• Established 4 prison institution
• Iwahig Penal Colony
• Correctional Institution for Women
• Davao Penal Colony
• New Bilibid Prison
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

• First prison was establish was the Sablayan

Penal Colony in September 26 1954
• The second prison in Leyte. The Leyte Regional
Prison on January 16 1973
 The Development of Philippines
Prison
1. Bilibid Prison
- In 1847, built by Royal Decree of the
Spanish Crown “May Haligue Estate”, at
the nearby Central Market of Manila. In
1936,the City of Manila exchanged its
Muntilupa property of 552 hectares with
that Bureau of Bureau of Prisons lot in
Manila.

- In 1956, Offers high school course

 - Two (2) Satellite units of New
Bilibid Prison:
• Bukang Liwayway − minimum
security prisoners who work in the
various projects of the institution.
• Sampaguita Camp − located the
Reception and Diagnostic Center,
the Medium Security Unit and the
Youth Rehabilitation Center.
2. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
−In 1869, established for confinement of
political offenders. The prison was named
Capt. Ramon Blanco. One of the prisoners
during those days was Dr. Jose Rizal. Has an
area of 1,546 hectares.
3. The Leyte Regional and Penal Farm
−situated in Abuyog, Southern Leyte, was
established a year after the declaration of
martial law in 1972 by virtue of PD no. 28.
The LRP has inmate capacity of 500. It later
became an agricultural estate Cavendish
bananas.
4. Iwahig Penal Colony
− to serve as an institution for
incorrigibles was envisioned by Governor
Forbes, who was then the Secretary of
Commerce and Police.
− Has an area of 36,000 hectares
− Four (4) Sub-Colonies:

1. Sta. Lucia sub-colony

2. Inagawan sub-colony
3. Montible sub-colony and
4. Central sub-colony
5. Davao Penal Colony
- Established on Jan. 21, 1932 in accordance
with act 3732 and Proclamation No. 414 series
of 1931
- Has an area of 18,000 hectares
- In 1942, this colony was used as a
concentration camp for American prisoners of
war.
6. Correctional Institution for
Women
- In 931, the institution was established on
an 18 hectare piece of land in Mandaluyong by
authority of Act 3579 which was passed on Nov.
7. Sabalayan Penal Colony and Farm
- In 1954, President issued Proclamation
No. 72, dated September 27, 1954 due
to tremendous increase in the prison
population in Bilibid Prison and setting aside
of a land for the establishment of penal
colony. Has an area of 16,000 hectares of
the virgin land in Sabalayan, Occidental
Mindoro.
 Non-Institutional Correction
• Pardon – it is a form of executive
clemency which is an act exercised by the
President which exempting an individual on
whom it is bestowed from the punishment
of the law inflicts for the crime he has
committed.
• Amnesty – it is the general pardon
extended to a group or classes of persons
and is exercised by the chief executive,
with the concurrence of congress.
Commutation – it is the change in the decision
of the court made by the President by
reducing the degree of penalty inflicted upon
the convict or by reducing the length of
imprisonment of amount of fine imposed by
the court in the verdict of conviction.
Reprieve – it is the temporary stay in the
execution of the sentence. The execution is set
backwards to enable the President to review
the merits of the case and determine proper
punishment for the convict. It is exercise only
the President only after the conviction.
• Probation – it is a juridical disposition
after which the dependant after conviction
and the sentence is release subject to the
condition imposed by the court and the
supervision of probation officer.
Presidential Decree 968 is the Probation
Law of 1976.
• Parole – it is a form of supervised
conditional liberty from prison granted
prior to the expiration of the sentence. It is
come from the French word “Parole
d’honeur” meaning “word of honor”.
• Mittimus
– a warrant issued by a court bearing the seal
and signature of a judge directing a jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for custody/service
of sentence.
• Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)
– (RDC) convicts committed to the BUCOR for
confinement are brought before the admission and
Reception and Diagnostic Center. Inmates
accepted by the RDC will be studied and classified.
• Rehabilitation and treatment Programs
– It can be carried out through the process of
classification and custody and control of prisoners.
Classification – is a method by which
diagnosis, treatment, planning and execution
of treatment programs are coordinated in the
individual cases.
- Three Phases of classification process:
1. Diagnosis
2. Treatment Planning
3. Execution of treatment program

Custody and Control of Prisoners – it is one

of the important phases of prison
management is the custody and control of
prisoners.
 Security Classification of Inmates
 Maximum Security Inmates
– are those sentenced to death, 20 years
minimum sentence, remand inmates or
detainees with 20 years minimum sentence
under review by the Supreme Court, sentence
under appeal, those with pending case,
recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees,
those under disciplinary punishment or
safekeeping and those who are criminally insane
or with sever personality or emotional disorders
and are a danger to others.
 Medium Security Inmates
– are those less than 20 years sentence,
remand inmates or detainees below 20 year
sentence, 18 years and below regardless of
case sentence those who have 2 or more
escape records but have served 8 years since
recommitment , those with one record or
escape but have served 5 years since
recommitment, and those sentenced to life
imprisonment who have served at least 5
years as a maximum penalty security and
upon the recommendation of the
Superintendent.
 Minimum Security Inmates
– are those severe physical handicap as
certified by the chief medical prison
officer, 65 years old and above and not on
appeal or without pending case; those
who have served at least ½ of their
minimum sentence excluding Good
Conduct and Time Allowance (GCTA), and
those with only 6 months to serve before
expiration of maximum sentence.
Inmates of the Bureau of Corrections are
classified according to the following:
1. Detainee – those whose cases are or
have pending cases
2. Third Class Inmate – those who have
been previously committed as a
sentenced prisoner for three times or
more except cases involving non-
payment of fines, or those whose
classification were reduced from a
higher class.
3. Second Class Inmate – newly arrived
inmates committed for the first time or
demoted from the higher class or promoted
from a lower class.
4. First Class Inmates – one whose known
character and credit for work while still in
detention earned classification to this class.
5. Colonist – a classified first class inmate for
at least one year immediately preceding his
class as such , and has served with good
conduct, at least one fifth of his maximum
sentence, or has served seven years in case
of life sentence.
THE SIX SYSTEMS OF INMATES LABOR USED

• Contract System – materials provided by private

business its manufacturing process was supervised
inside the prison
• Piece Price System – materials and the products
are produced by the prisons and bought by the
private business
• Lease System – prison institutions acting labor
firm or labor agency to private business that needs
manpower
• Account System- goods and products are owned
and manage by the prison and sold it so to the
market
• State Use System- prisoners provide the labor
for state agencies
• Public Works – prisoners worked in roads and
highways construction and maintenance
 Medical and Mental Health Needs of
Inmates
- The prison medical officer shall
visit sick inmates daily and attend to
their ailment. He shall report to the
Superintendent whenever he considers
than an inmate’s mental or physical
health has been or will be injuriously
affected by continued imprisonment or
by any condition of confinement.
Treatment Program
- the treatment program of inmates shall be
focused on the provisions services designed
to encourage them to return to the fold of
justice and enhance their self-respect ,
dignity and sense of responsibility as
follows:
a. Provisions for basic needs of
inmates
b. Medical and dental services;
c. Educational; and skills training;
d. Religious service, guidance and
counseling services.
e. Recreation, sports and
entertainment;
f. Work programs, such as
livelihood projects;
g. Visitation service; and
h. Mail Service
Basic needs of prisoners/inmate
- the provisions for basic needs as
the first consideration before any
effective rehabilitation or treatment
program can be undertaken;
 Food Services
 Shelter or living space
Health Services
– shall aim to provide quality health
among uniformed personnel, civilian
employees, and their qualified dependence
and inmates of various city, district and
municipal jails nationwide under the BJMP.
The health services shall be composed of
competent medical, dental nursing and
paramedical staff to attend to the health
care needs of the bureau.
 Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology
-On January 2, 1991, the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology was created
thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau
under the Department of Interior and Local
Government. The Jail Bureau is the
upgraded version of its forerunner, the
Office of Jail Management and Penology of
the defunct PC/INP last headed by BRIG
GEN Arsenio E. Concepcion.
 -As mandated by law, the BJMP shall
operate under the reorganized
Department of the Interior and Local
Government. Starting from scratch with
500 personnel in 1991 the BJMP weaned
from its mother PC/INP as a mere
component, to become a full-fledge
bureau. Director Charles S. Mondejar
took his oath of office on July 1 of 1991
as the first Chief of the Bureau.
 Classification of Prisoners
1. By Security Risk
• Maximum – it includes high security risk or
highly dangerous inmates and requires an
extreme degree of supervision and control.
• Medium – include those cannot be trusted in
less secured areas whose conduct or
behavior require minimum supervision.
• Minimum – include who may be reasonably
trusted to serve their sentence under less
restricted conditions.
2. As to entitlement of Privileges
• Third class – one who has either been
previously committed for three of more
times as a sentenced inmate.
• Second class – a newly arrived inmate;
an inmate demoted form first class of one
promoted from the third class.
• First class – are those whose known
character and credit for work while in
detention earned assignment to this class
upon start of sentence; or one who has
been promoted from the second class.
3. Under Presidential Decree 29
• Municipal Prisoners – persons convicted
to serve a period of imprisonment of not
more than six months.
• Provincial/City Prisoners – persons who
by reason of their sentence may be
deprived of liberty of not more than three
years or those who are unable to pay a fine
of 1, 000 pesos.
• National Prisoner – prisoners who are
convicted to serve a term of imprisonment
of more than three years.