CHAPTER
3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3 consists of the following:
Research Design
Respondents of the Study
Sampling Technique
Research Instruments
Research Procedures
Statistical Treatment of
Data
RESEARCH DESIGN…
This refers to the entire
process of planning and
carrying out all research
study. In this part, it
describes the type of research
method used. It is also in this
part where you explain why
you employed such method.
Depending on the nature and
purpose of the study, any of the
following research methods may be
used.
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
HISTORICAL DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
- describes the
nature of a situation
as it exists at the time
of the study, and to
explore the causes of
a particular
phenomena. Its aim is
to find out “what is,” so
HISTORICAL DESIGN
- may be defined as
integrated narrative and
descriptive past events or
facts written in spirits of
critical investigation of the
whole truth.
According to Fox as cited in
the seminar 2007, in this type
of research, the topics for
investigation are:
People
Events
Things
Time
Place
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- an inquiry on cause and effect
relationships and is conducted in
a specialized setting such as
laboratory, experimental unit of
research. The researcher controls
and manipulates the variable and
randomly assigns the subject to
different conditions or situations.
The most commonly used in
experimental design is the True
Experiment.
Properties of True Experiment
Manipulation
Control Group
Experimental Group
Randomization
Validity
Research Design
The study used the descriptive
method of research to determine the
students’ attitudes towards learning
English language of the selected English
major students in Laguna State
Polytechnic University, Academic Year
2014-2017.
According to Reyes 2016, descriptive
method is used to obtain information
concerning the status of the phenomena
to describe “what exist” with respect to
variables or conditions in a situation.
Research Design
According to Dacdac et.al (2010) in their
study entitled "Paper tile", an experimental
research is defined as a research design
where the cause and effect relationship of a
treatment of a variable determined.
The present study used an experimental
method of research in producing the bamboo
tile out of waste material. This study made
use also of the descriptive method of
research through questionnaires in order to
determine the level of acceptability of the
"Bamboo as Alternative Wood tile" in terms of
appearance, suitability and economic value.
RESPONDENTS OF THE
STUDY
A set of people used in
the study.
Respondents of the
Study
The respondents of the
study were thirty (30)
selected non – English major
BSEd I-D students of Laguna
State Polytechnic University,
Academic Year 2014-2015.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
SAMPLING…….
STUDY POPULATION
SAMPLE
TARGET POPULATION
15
Stages in the
Define the target population
Selection
of a Sample
Get the sampling frame
Determine if a probability or nonprobability
sampling method will be chosen
Plan the procedures for selecting
sampling units
Determine sample size
Select actual sampling units
Conduct fieldwork
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
- is the identification
of the specific process
by which the sample
from the population
has been selected.
Types of sampling techniques in
quantitative research
Non-
Probability
sampling
probability
sampling
Probability Sampling
is a sampling technique
wherein samples are
gathered in a process
that gives all the
individuals in the
population equal chances
of being selected.
The following are the
methods used in
probability sampling.
1. Simple Random
Sampling
2. Systematic Sampling
3. Cluster Sampling
4. Stratified Random
1. Simple Random
sampling
- is a method used to assure
that all members of the
population are in included in the
list and then randomly select the
desired number of subjects.
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
- has (3) three types;
LOTTERY METHOD
the USE OF A TABLE OF
RANDOM NUMBERS
SOFTWARE PROGRAMS
2. Systematic Sampling
- a method in which
sample members from a
larger population are
selected according to a
random starting point
and a fixed periodic
interval.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
Let’s say you want to get a
sample of dorm rooms in your
place for your study. When you
asked the owner the complete list
of the dorm rooms, you found out
that there are 100 rooms. You only
need a sample of 25 rooms.
---
*** How are you going to get your
desired sample size using
systematic technique?
3. Cluster sampling
The process of
randomly selecting
intact groups, not
individuals, within the
defined population
sharing similar
CLUSTER SAMPLING
4. Stratified random
sampling
- a technique in which the
researcher divides the entire
target population into different
sub-groups called strata, then
randomly selects the final
subjects from the different strata.
Stratified random sampling
Convenience
sampling
Purposi
Non-
ve
Quota samplin
Purposive sampling g
probability
sampling
Sampling
Snowbal
Voluntary l
sampling samplin
Dimension
sampling g
