A

Project
On
Greenhouse Automation
Made by:- Guided by:-
• Tarni Verma • Chandrahas Sahu
• Rituparna Das
Introduction

•What is a Greenhouse?
• Greenhouses are controlled-area-environment to
grow plants.
• It is a structural building with different types of
covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof
and frequently glass or plastic walls.
• It heats up because incoming visible solar radiation
(for which the glass is transparent) from the sun is
absorbed by plants ,soil, and other things inside
the building.
Automated greenhouse
• Greenhouses form an important part of the agriculture and
horticulture sectors of a country.
• They can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic
conditions for optimal production.
• Automated greenhouse involves the automatic monitoring and
controlling of climatic parameters which directly or indirectly
govern the plant growth and hence their production.
• In order to control the climate factors and environment
autonomously ,it is required a computer/software equipment.
The open-source electronics prototyping platform
Arduino is an

• open-source electronics prototyping platform/environment .

• The Arduino is built for designers and artists—people with little
technical expertise.
Programming Environment

• The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino

software IDE .
• The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a
Bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without
the use of an external hardware programmer.
• You can also bypass the Bootloader and program the
microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header.
• Arduino IDE works on windows , linux as well as Mac lion X
platforms.
Arduino IDE
Advantages of Arduino

• Huge documentation and support

• Larger library collection
• Open source
• Simplified and user-friendly programming language
• No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board
• Highly Portable
• Low power consumption
• Highly customizable
“Arduino in the greenhouse”
• Arduino is the heart of the The Intelligent Greenhouse.
• Arduino boards are able to receive, analyse and send data in order to
maximise plant growth and health.
Benefits
• Automatically control environmental conditions within greenhouse
allowing any type of plants to be grown all year round
• Eliminates risk of greenhouse not being maintained at specific
environmental conditions due to human error
• Minimizes labor costs involved in maintaining a greenhouse
• Customer able to define specific greenhouse conditions
• “Plug-and play” product
Features
• Detect and maintain temperatures from -40°C to 125°C.
• Detect and maintain humidity levels between 5% RH and 95% RH
• Detect sunlight and artificial light.
• Detect and maintain moisture in soil.
• Continuously update of statistics and parameters over the internet.
OBJECTIVE
• Build miniature greenhouse which is equipped with
automatic monitoring and controlling system
• Constantly monitor and control environmental conditions in
greenhouse to ensure it remains at preset temperature, light,
moisture and humidity levels.
• It focuses on saving water, increasing efficiency and reducing
the environmental impacts on plants production.
• The user can see the atmospheric conditions of the
greenhouse plants on website and control the greenhouse
from far away places.
Functions
• Lower Temperature: 1 Cooling Fan
• Raise temperature: Heater (indicated by Bulb for demonstration
purposes)
• Decrease humidity level: 1 Exhaust Fan
• Increase moisture level: Water pump connected to a water tank
• Increase lighting condition: Fluorescent Light-bulb
• Transmission of data over internet: Ethernet shield
REVIEW ORIGINAL
DESIGN
System Overview

●
Temperature sensor
●
Humidity sensor
●
Moisture Sensor
●
Ambient Light Sensor

Sensors

• Voltage output from sensors sent as inputs into Arduino

• Based on input values, Arduino outputs specific voltages
to turn ON/OFF devices
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
SPECIFICATIONS
Hardware
Arduino Microcontroller
Ethernet Shield
LCD Display
Sensors
Fans and Relays
Water Pump
Power supply circuit

• An AC source, a transformer, and a bridge rectifier (full diode

bridge) can turn an AC "wall" source into a usable DC source for
low-voltage electronics.
 Arduino Microcontroller
Microcontroller` ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 7-12V
(recommended)
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 Ma
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 Ma

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by

bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
LCD Display
• A LCD is connected with arduino
at 7th, 6th, 5th, 9th, 3rdand 8th pins
to display the reading of various
sensors .
• ‘T’ represents temperature, ’H’
represents Humidity , ‘M’
represents Moisture and ‘L’
represents internal Light
intensity of the greenhouse, on
the LCD.
sensors
Ambient Light Sensor

• A light sensor, as its name suggests, is a device

that is used to detect light.
• A photocell or photo resistor for example, is a
small sensor that changes its resistance when
light shines on it; they are used in many
consumer products to determine the intensity
of light.

• Operating temperature: -20°C to 75°C

• Wavelength Measurement Range: 400nm to
1100nm
Temperature Sensor
• Manufacturer: Texas Instruments LM35
• FEATURES DESCRIPTION:
• Calibrated Directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
• Linear + 10 mV/°C Scale Factor
• 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at +25°C)
• LM35 has an advantage over linear temperature
• Rated for Full −55°C to +150°C Range
• Suitable for Remote Applications
• Low Cost Due to Wafer-Level Trimming
• Operates from 4 to 30
• Low Self-Heating, 0.08°C in Still Air
• Nonlinearity Only ±¼°C Typical
• Low Impedance Output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA Load
Humidity Sensor

• A humidity sensor, also called a hygrometer, measures and regularly reports the
relative humidity in the air.
• Humidity sensor SY-HS-220 is used to sense the humidity of the air in the green
house.
• The warmer the air is, the more moisture it
can hold, so relative humidity changes
with fluctuations in temperature.
• Operating temperature: 5°C to 45°C
• Humidity Measurement Range: 5%RH to
95%RH.
• If the humidity exceeds the maximum limit
then the exhaust fan attached with Arduino
will be switched ON automatically.
Moisture sensor
• Soil moisture sensor measure
the water content in soil.
• This basic cheap soil moisture
sensor consists of two probes
(the metal rods) held apart at a
fixed distance by some insulating
material.
Devices
• 1 Cooling Fan
• Heater (Bulb)
• 1 Exhaust Fan
• Water Pump
• Fluorescent Light-bulb
Transistors to Power Cooling Fans,
Exhaust Fans & Relay
• Power supply: 5V
• Recommended Collector Current: 500mA
• Recommended Base Current: 50mA 0 5Vdc
10 Ohm DEVICES

• Transistors used as switches to provide 5V to

6
ZENER DIODE (5.6V)
connected devices. ARDUINO OUTPUT 5

• To ensure circuit functions properly, followed 100 Ohm

4
recommended current flow through resistor.
0
• To obtain required current flows, applied
Ohm’s law and obtained current limiting
resistor for collector to be 10Ω and 100 Ω for
the base.
• These specifications enable circuit to function
properly
Relay to Turn ON/OFF Fluorescent
Light bulb, water Pump and fans

• DC voltage: 5V
• DC current: 500mA.
• Relay enables AC current to flow by
implementing a switch within the device
which is controlled by DC current.
• The relay is supposed to allow AC current
through when no dc current is flowing.
• When DC current is passes through, relay
will flick switch to ground, therefore causing
open circuit for AC current flow.
Circuit Diagram
Power supply
Software
Arduino IDE 1.0.1
• The Arduino integrated development
environment (IDE) is a cross-platform app.
written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for
the Processing programming language and
the Wiring projects.
• A program or code written for Arduino is
called a "sketch".
• The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and
AVR Libc to compile programs, and uses
avrdude to upload programs to the board.
Output of the sensors
Temperature sensor:
• If the temperature exceeds beyond the limit set then a fan will be automatically
switched ON as a coolant to reduce the temperature.
• When it reaches the desired temperature the fan will be switched OFF automatically
with the help of a relay.
• But if the temperature decreases bellow the optimum temperature a bulb as a heater
will be switched ON to set the temperature within the desired range.
 
Light sensor:
• Light sensor sense the light and set an optimum light in the greenhouse for the plants.
• An artificial light will be switched ON automatically by the light sensor with the help of
relay if there is insufficient light for the plants in the greenhouse
• And the light is switched OFF automatically when the plants get sufficient light from
the sun.
Moisture sensor:
• Soil moisture sensor check the water present in the soil.
• If there is not proper water in the soil then moisture sensor sends signal
to the water pump which as a result pumps up the water from the tank
and provide sufficient amount of water to the soil.
• When the sensor senses the threshold value of water level in the soil it
automatically turn OFF the pump.
 
Humidity sensor:
• Humidity sensor is used to check the humidity of the air in the
greenhouse.
• If the humidity exceeds the limit set then an exhaust fan will be switched
ON with the help of relay to throw the humid air out of the greenhouse to
maintain the suitable environment for the plants.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION OF
PROJECT
Temperature, Heat, Moisture and Light Sensors are the four main
sensors used in the project which give the exact value of temperature,
heat, moisture and light respectively. These sensors give the correct
result according to the plant's condition. These results can be seen on
the LCD screen present on the project.
SUMMARY
• Project successful; features described in Proposal functioned
accordingly
• Engineering knowledge acquired over the years fully applied and
tested
• Acquired many new skills and knowledge; improved researching and
trouble-shooting techniques
• Believe that product will be a success in the market as the “Push for
Green” and environmental concerns intensifies in near future
Thank you