Resistive

Circuits

ME 1102 Electric Circuits

Chapter 3
Resistive Circuits

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Chapter Contents
• Ohms’s Law
• Series Circuits
– Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
– Voltage Division
• Parallel Circuits
– Kirchhoff’s Current Law
– Current Division
• Source addition
• Circuit Analysis

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Ohm’s Law

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Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s Law:
The current produced in a resistor is directly
proportional to the voltage across it (keeping R
as constant)
v i

Volts (V) Ohms ()

v  iR
Ampere (A)

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Parallel Circuits
Two elements, branches, or networks are in Parallel if
they have two points in common.

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Parallel Circuits
Network in which 1 and 2
are in parallel and 3 is in
series with the parallel
combination of 1 and 2.

Network in which 1 and 2

are in series and 3 is
in parallel with the series
combination of 1 and 2.

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Parallel Circuits
Conductance: 1
G
R
For parallel elements, the total conductance is the sum of the
individual conductances:

GT  G1  G2  ....  GN

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Parallel Circuits
Total Resistance of a Parallel Circuit:

1 1 1 1
   ........ 
RT R1 R2 RN

1
RT 
1 1 1
  ........ 
R1 R2 RN
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Parallel Circuits
Example 3-10: (Boylestad Example 6.1 & 6.2 p. 187):
a) Determine the total conductance and resistance for the parallel
network of Figure below:

b) Determine the effect on the total conductance and resistance of

the given network, if another resistor of 10Ω was added in
parallel with the other elements.

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Parallel Circuits
Example 3-11: (Boylestad Example 6.3 p. 188):
a) Determine the total resistance for the given network:

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Parallel Circuits
Properties of Parallel Circuits:
1. The total resistance of parallel resistors is always less than the
value of the smallest resistor.
2. For equal resistors in parallel: R
R 
T
N
3. For equal conductances:
GT  GN
4. The total resistance of two parallel resistors is the product of
the two divided by their sum:

R1 R2 R1 R2 R3
RT 
RT 
R1  R2  R1  R2  R3

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Parallel Circuits
HT: Example 3-12:
(Boylestad Example 6.5, 6.6 & 6.7 p. 191):

Properties of Parallel Circuits (Contd..):

5. Parallel elements can be interchanged without changing the
total resistance or input current.

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Parallel Circuits
Properties of Parallel Circuits (Contd..):
6. The voltage across parallel elements is the same.

7. For single-source parallel

networks, the source current
(Is) is equal to the sum of
the individual branch currents.

I s  I1  I 2

Example 3-13:
(Boylestad Example 6.11 p. 194):
HT:Example 3-14:
(Boylestad Example 6.12 p. 197):

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Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff’s Current Law: (KCL)
• The algebraic sum of the currents into a node at any instant
is zero.
N

I
n 1
n 0

• The sum of the currents entering an area,

system, or junction must equal the sum
of the currents leaving the area, system,
or junction.
E L

I  I
e 1
e
l 1
l

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Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff’s Current Law: (KCL)
Example 3-15:
(Boylestad Example 6.17 p. 205):
Determine I1, I3, I4, and I5 for the given network:

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Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff’s Current Law: (KCL)
Example 3-16:

Determine I3, I4, I6, and I7 for the given network:

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Parallel Circuits
Current Division:
• For two parallel elements of equal value, the current
will divide equally.

• For parallel elements with different values, the smaller

the resistance, the greater the share of input current.

• For parallel elements of different values, the current

will split with a ratio equal to the inverse of their
resistor values.

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Parallel Circuits
Current Divider Rule (CDR):

Formula 1: Parallel resistance

of all resistors
RT
unknown branch Ix  Is Total current
current Rx
Unknown branch’s resistance
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Parallel Circuits
Current Divider Rule (CDR):

Formula 2: Parallel resistance

of all resistors excluding Rx
R p'
Ix  Is Total current
unknown branch Rx  R '
p
current

Unknown branch’s
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Parallel Circuits
Current Division:
Example 3-17:
(Boylestad Example 6.23 p. 211):
a) Determine I2, in the given network:

b) Determine I1,
in the given network:

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Practice
HT: Example 3-18:
(Dorf Example 5.3-1 p. 75): Determine (a) the current in each branch
(b) the equivalent circuit, and (c) the voltage v.
R1 = 1KΩ, R2 = 2.7KΩ, R3 = 4.3KΩ

HT: Example 3-19:

(Dorf Example 5.7-1 p. 80): Determine the current i.

R4 = 1.5Ω, R2 = 2.7Ω, R3 = 4.3Ω

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Practice
HT: Example 3-20:
(Dorf Exercise P3.4-2 p. 92): Determine (a) the total resistance
(b) the current i.

HT: Example 3-21:

(Dorf Exercise P3.5-1 p. 93): Using current division to determine all currents
in the given circuit:

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Reference
1. Introduction to Electric Circuits (R. C. Dorf/Svoboda)

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