ALLEN CBSE 1

CHAPTER – 7
ALTERNATING CURRENT

1. Nature Wave–form
(voltage, current)

V = V0 sin wt
+ T I = I 0 sin wt
Sinusoidal 0 p 2p
–

2. ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE OF AC CURRENT (RMS)/EFFECTIVE CURRENT (Irms)

I0
I rms = = 0.707 I 0 , I0 = peak value of current
2

3. AVERAGE OR MEAN VALUE

2I 0
I Avg = = 0.637 I 0
p

4. PHASORS AND PHASOR DIAGRAM

A phasor is a vector which rotates about the origin with angular speed w. Phasor diagram shows
the phase relationship between voltage & current.

i
V
I
0

Phasor Diagram

5. AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO A PURE RESISTANCE (R)

node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

V = V0 sin wt
V0
i= sin wt
R
Resistance = R
i
VR , R
VR = iR
voltage and current are in same phase.

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2 Physics ALLEN
6. AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO A PURE INDUCTOR (L)

V = V0 sin wt
V0
i= (- cos wt)
wL
Reactance XL = wL
X L,V L

i
VL = iXL
voltage leads the current by p/2

7. AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO A PURE CAPACITOR (C)

V = V0 sin wt
V0
i= cos wt
(1 / wC)
1
Reactance X C =
wC
i

X C, V C
VC = iXC
current leads voltage by p/2

8. AC THROUGH LCR CIRCUIT

VL
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

R L C
i
VR

VC v=V0sinwt

(a) If VL > VC Þ XL > XC then

V= V 2+(V –V )2
R L C

VL–V C XL–XC

f
f
VR R

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 ALLEN CBSE 3

(b) If VC > VL Þ XC > XL then

VR R
f f

V= V 2+(V –V )2
VC–VL R L C XC–X L

(c) If VC = VL Þ XC = XL then V = VR , Z = R and f = 0

9. IMPEDENCE
Impedence= Z= R 2 + (X L - X C )2

10. POWER IN AC CIRCUIT

V = V0sin wt
i = I0 sin(wt + f)
i
Power = Vrms irms cos f = i2 R
Wattfull current = irms cosf
f
Wattless current = irms sinf V
Wattless power = vrms irms sinf
Where cos f = Power factor

11. RESONANCE IN SERIES LCR CIRCUIT

At resonance
· XL = XC or VL = VC
V
· Z = R = min Þ i = = max
R
æ R ö
· Power factor ç cos f = = 1÷
è Z ø
· Angle (or phase difference) between v and i = 0°
· VR = VSource
1
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

Resonating frequency w0 =
LC
i R1 > R2
Z x >x xL>xC
C L R2
R1

xL=xC
w0 w w0 w

XL 1 L f0
Sharpness of resonance / quality factor = = =
R R C Band width

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12. LC - OSCILLATION

d2Q Q
VC + VL = 0 Þ L + =0 +
dt 2 C Q=CV C
L
Q = Q0 cos wt Þ i = –i0 sin wt where i0 = Q0w
1
where w = frequency of oscillation
LC

13. TRANSFORMER
It transfers electric power. Laminated
Soft iron core
Works only for AC Primary

Load
winding
Principle : Mutual induction
For ideal transformer AC mains Secondary
winding
(1) Power loss = 0 Þ efficiency = 100%
(2) Flux loss = 0
But practically Pout < Pin \ efficiency < 100%

VS N S i p i2s R
= = = turn ratio h(efficiency) = ´ 100
VP N P i s VP i p

Types of transformer

Step up Step down

VS > V P VP > VS
NS > NP N P > NS
iP > iS i S > iP
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

Transmissions are done at high voltage and low current by using step up transformer.

Losses in tranformers

Coil (Cu losses) Core (Iron losses)

Heat loss Flux loss Hysteresis Eddy current

Can be minimize Can zero by Can be controlled by using Can be controlled
by using thick wires making coupling factor1 substance of high mr (soft iron) by laminating the core

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 ALLEN CBSE 5
14. IMPORTANT POINTS
· An alternating current of frequency 50 Hz becomes zero, 100 times in one second because
alternating current changes direction and becomes zero twice in a cycle.
· An alternating current cannot be used to conduct electrolysis because the ions due to their
inertia, cannot follow the changing electric field.
· Average value of AC is always defined over half cycle because average value of AC over a
complete cycle is always zero.
· AC current flows on the periphery of wire instead of flowing through total volume of wire.
This known as skin effect.
Note : Important datas for LCR series circuit.

R L C

V=V0sinwt
Vrms (Vrms )L (Vrms )C (Vrms ) R
· I rms = = = =
Z XL XC R

· Vrms = (Vrms )R2 + [(Vrms )L - (Vrms )C ]2

| VL - VC | | X L - X C |
· tanf = =
VR R
2
RVrms
· < P > = Vrms Irms cos f = 2
Z
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6 Physics ALLEN

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
Type -1
(Average Power Associated with an Inductor and Capacitor)
The power averaged over on full cycle of a.c. is known as average power. It is also known as true
power.
VI
Pav =
Vrms I rms cos f =0 0 cos f
2
Root mean square or simply rms watts refer to continuous power.
A circuit containing a 5 H inductor 40W resistance and 80 mF capacitor Resistance of 40W in
series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.

5H 80mF
40W

~
230 V, 50 Hz

1. The value of Peak current is :

(1) 6.5 A (2) 8.1 A (3) 12 A (4) 4 A
2. Find rms value :
(1) 6 A (2) 5.25 A (3) 5.75 A (4) 6.25 A
3. The average power transferred to inductor is :
(1) zero (2) 7 W (3) 2.5 W (4) 5 W
4. Potential drop across L-C combination is:
(1) 5 V (2) zero (3) 45 V (4) 150 V
5. What is the total average power absorbed by the circuit?
(1) zero (2) 4.5 W (3) 1.3 W (4) 8 W
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

Type 2 : Assertion and Reason :-

Question 6 to 10 :-Note:- In the following questions an Assertion (A) is followed by a corresponding
Reason (R). Use the following keys to choose the appropriate answer.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct; (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect; (R) is incorrect
6. Assertion : A transformer cannot work on dc supply.
Reason : dc changes neither in magnitude nor in direction.

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 ALLEN CBSE 7
7. Assertion : The alternating current lags behind the e.m.f. by a phase angle of p / 2 , when ac
flows through an inductor.
Reason : The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of ac source decreases.
8. Assertion : Average value of ac over a complete cycle is always zero.
Reason : Average value of ac is always defined over half cycle.
9. Assertion : When ac circuit contain resistor only, its power is minimum.
Reason : Power of a circuit is independent of phase angle
10. Assertion : The dc and ac both can be measured by a hot wire instrument.
Reason : The hot wire instrument is based on the principle of magnetic effect of current

Type 3 : Multiple choice equation (one correct answer) (Questions 11 to 19):-

11. A generator produces a voltage that is given by V = 240 sin120 t , where t is in seconds. The
frequency and r.m.s. voltage are
(1) 60 Hz and 240 V (2) 19 Hz and 120 V (3) 19 Hz and 170 V (4) 754 Hz and 70 V
12. An inductance of 1 mH a condenser of 10 mF and a resistance of 50 W are connected in series.
The reactances of inductor and condensers are same. The reactance of either of them will be
(1) 100 W (2) 30 W (3) 3.2 W (4) 10 W

13. In a region of uniform magnetic induction B = 10 -2 tesla , a circular coil of radius 30 cm and

resistance p2 ohm is rotated about an axis which is perpendicular to the direction of B and which
forms a diameter of the coil. If the coil rotates at 200 rpm the amplitude of the alternating current
induced in the coil is
(1) 4p2 mA (2) 30 mA (3) 6 mA (4) 200 mA
14. In a series circuit R = 300 W, L = 0.9 H, C = 2.0 mF and w = 1000 rad/sec. The
impedance of the circuit is
(1) 1300 W (2) 900 W (3) 500 W (4) 400 W
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

æ 0.4 ö
15. In a L-R circuit, the value of L is ç henry and the value of R is 30 ohm. If in the circuit, an
è p ÷ø
alternating e.m.f. of 200 volt at 50 cycles per sec is connected, the impedance of the circuit and
current will be
(1) 11.4 W,17.5 A (2) 30.7 W,6.5A (3) 40.4 W,5A (4) 50 W, 4A
16. In a series LCR circuit, resistance R = 10W and the impedance Z = 20W. The phase difference
between the current and the voltage is
(1) 30o (2) 45o (3) 60o (4) 90 o

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8 Physics ALLEN
17. A coil of 200W resistance and 1.0 H inductance is connected to an ac source of frequency
200/2p Hz. Phase angle between potential and current will be
(1) 30o (2) 90o (3) 45o (4) 0o
18. A step-down transformer is connected to main supply 200V to operate a 6V, 30W bulb. The
current in primary is
(1) 3 A (2) 1.5 A (3) 0.3 A (4) 0.15 A
19. The output voltage of a transformer connected to 220 volt line is 1100 volt at 1 amp current. Its
efficiency is 100%. The current coming from the line is
(1) 20 A (2) 10 A (3) 11 A (4) 22 A

ANSWER KEY
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (3) 8. (2)
9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (3) 12. (4) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (4) 16. (3)
17. (3) 18. (4) 19. (2)

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 ALLEN CBSE 9
ASSIGNMENT-1

(RMS & Average Value of AC, Reactance, Impedance)

1. An ac source is rated at 220V, 50 Hz. The time taken for voltage to change from its peak value to
zero is

(1) 50 sec (2) 0.02 sec (3) 5 sec (4) 5 ´ 10 -3 sec

æ pö æ pö
2. V = 5sin ç 100pt - ÷ and I = 4sin ç100 pt + ÷
è 6ø è 6ø

(1) Voltage leads the current by 30o (2) Current leads the voltage by 30o

(3) Current leads the voltage by 60o (4) Voltage leads the current by 60o

3. A 280 ohm electric bulb is connected to 200V electric line. The peak value of current in the bulb
will be
(1) About one ampere (2) Zero
(3) About two ampere (4) About four ampere

1
4. The frequency for which a 5 mF capacitor has a reactance of ohm is given by
1000

100 1000 1
(1) MHz (2) Hz (3) Hz (4) 1000 Hz
p p 1000

5. The value of the current through an inductance of 1H and of negligible resistance, when
connected through an ac source of 200 V and 50 Hz, is
(1) 0.637 A (2) 1.637 A (3) 2.637A (4) 3.637 A

ASSIGNMENT-2
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

(Phasor Diagram, LCR series Circuit, Resonance)

6. In a series resonant circuit, the ac voltage across resistance R, inductance L and capacitance C
are 5 V, 10 V and 10 V respectively. The ac voltage applied to the circuit will be
(1) 20 V (2) 10 V (3) 5 V (4) 25 V

7. In a LCR circuit having L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 mF and R = 100 ohm in series. The

resonance frequency in per second is

(1) 600 radian (2) 600 Hz (3) 500 radian (4) 500 Hz

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8. The variation of the instantaneous current (I) and the instantaneous emf (E) in a circuit is as
shown in fig. Which of the following statements is correct
E I

p/2 3p/2
O p 2p wt

(1) The voltage lags behind the current by p / 2

(2) The voltage leads the current by p / 2
(3) The voltage and the current are in phase
(4) The voltage leads the current by p
9. A 10 ohm resistance, 5 mH coil and 10mF capacitor are joined in series. When a suitable
frequency alternating current source is joined to this combination, the circuit resonates. If the
resistance is halved, the resonance frequency
(1) Is halved (2) Is doubled
(3) Remains unchanged (4) In quadrupled
10. A circuit has a resistance of 11W, an inductive reactance of 25W and a capacitive resistance of
18W. It is connected to an ac source of 260V and 50Hz. The current through the circuit (in
amperes) is
(1) 11 (2) 15 (3) 18 (4) 20

ASSIGNMENT-3
(Power in AC circuit, LC oscillation)
11. The power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage ac because
(1) Electric current travels faster at higher volts
(2) It is more economical due to less power wastage
(3) It is difficult to generate power at low voltage
(4) Chances of stealing transmission lines are minimized
12. The power factor of LCR circuit at resonance is
(1) 0.707 (2) 1 (3) Zero (4) 0.5
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

13. In LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to 4C. For the same resonant frequency, the
inductance should be changed from L to
(1) 2L (2) L/2 (3) L/ 4 (4) 4 L
14. An oscillator circuit consists of an inductance of 0.5mH and a capacitor of 20 mF . The resonant
frequency of the circuit is nearly
(1) 15.92 Hz (2) 159.2 Hz (3) 1592 Hz (4) 15910 Hz
15. An inductance of 1 mH a condenser of 10 mF and a resistance of 50 W are connected in series.
The reactances of inductor and condensers are same. The reactance of either of them will be
(1) 100 W (2) 30 W (3) 3.2 W (4) 10 W

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 ALLEN CBSE 11
ASSIGNMENT-4
(AC Generator, Transformer)
16. The number of turns in the coil of an ac generator is 5000 and the area of the coil is 0.25m 2 . The

coil is rotated at the rate of 100cycles/sec in a magnetic field of 0.2 W / m 2 . The peak value of
the emf generated is nearly
(1) 786 kV (2) 440 kV (3) 220 kV (4) 157.1 kV
17. The primary winding of a transformer has 100 turns and its secondary winding has 200 turns.
The primary is connected to an ac supply of 120 V and the current flowing in it is 10 A. The
voltage and the current in the secondary are
(1) 240 V, 5 A (2) 240 V, 10 A (3) 60 V, 20 A (4) 120 V, 20 A
18. A transformer is employed to reduce 220 V to 11 V. The primary draws a current of 5 A and the
secondary 90 A. The efficiency of the transformer is
(1) 20% (2) 40% (3) 70% (4) 90%
19. The efficiency of transformer is very high because
(1) There is no moving part in a transformer (2) It produces very high voltage
(3) It produces very low voltage (4) None of the above
20. A transformer is used to
(1) Change the alternating potential
(2) Change the alternating current
(3) To prevent the power loss in alternating current flow
(4) To increase the power of current source

ANSWER KEY
1. (4) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (1) 6. (3) 7. (3) 8. (2)
9. (3) 10. (4) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (4) 16. (4)
17. (1) 18. (4) 19. (1) 20. (1)
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EXERCISE-1
(RMS & Average Value of AC, Reactance, Impedance)
1. If E 0 represents the peak value of the voltage in an ac circuit, the r.m.s. value of the voltage will
be :
E0 E0 E0 E0
(1) (2) (3) (4)
p 2 p 2
2. In an ac circuit I = 100 sin 200 pt. The time required for the current to achieve its peak value will
be :
1 1 1 1
(1) sec (2) sec (3) sec (4) sec
100 200 300 400
3. A generator produces a voltage that is given by V = 240 sin120 t , where t is in seconds. The

frequency and r.m.s. voltage are :

(1) 60 Hz and 240 V (2) 19 Hz and 120 V (3) 19 Hz and 170 V (4) 754 Hz and 70 V
4. If an 8 W resistance and 6 W reactance are present in an ac series circuit then the impedance of

the circuit will be :

(1) 20 ohm (2) 5 ohm (3) 10 ohm (4) 14 2 ohm

5. The voltage of domestic ac is 220 volt. What does this represent :
(1) Mean voltage (2) Peak voltage
(3) Root mean voltage (4) Root mean square voltage

(Phasor Diagram, LCR series Circuit, Resonance)

6. In the non-resonant circuit, what will be the nature of the circuit for frequencies higher than the
resonant frequency :
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

(1) Resistive (2) Capacitive (3) Inductive (4) None of the above
7. The vector diagram of current and voltage for a circuit is as shown. The components of the
circuit will be :

45 Erms = 20 V
o

irms = 25
amp
(1) 8/LCR (2) LR (3) LCR or LR (4) None of these

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 ALLEN CBSE 13
8. Power delivered by the source of the circuit becomes maximum, when
2
1 æ 1 ö
(1) wL= wC (2) w
=L (3) wL = - ç (4) wL= wC
wC è wC ÷ø
9. In an LCR series ac circuit, the voltage across each of the components, L, C and R is 50V. The
voltage across the LC combination will be :
(1) 50V (2) 50 2 V (3) 100 V (4) 0 V (zero)
10. In a series LCR circuit, resistance R = 10W and the impedance Z = 20W. The phase difference
between the current and the voltage is :
(1) 30o (2) 45o (3) 60o (4) 90 o

(Power in AC circuit, LC oscillation)

11. In an ac circuit, V and I are given by
æ pö
V = 100 sin (100 t) volts, I = 100 sin ç 100t + ÷ mA .
è 3ø
The power dissipated in circuit is :
(1) 104 watt (2) 10 watt (3) 2.5 watt (4) 5 watt
12. The average power dissipation in a pure capacitance in ac circuit is :
1 1
(1) CV 2 (2) CV2 (3) CV 2 (4) Zero
2 4
13. For an ac circuit V = 15sin wt and I = 20 cos wt the average power consumed in this circuit is :
(1) 300 Watt (2) 150 Watt (3) 75 Watt (4) zero
14. In an ac circuit, the instantaneous values of e.m.f. and current are E = 200(sin 314t)volt and
æ pö
i = sin ç 314t + ÷ ampere. The average power consumed in watt is :
è 3ø
(1) 200 (2) 100 (3) 50 (4) 25
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

(AC Generator, Transformer)

15. In A.C generator increasing the no. of turns in the coil :
(1) Decreases the Electromotive force (EMF)
(2) Electromotive force (EMF) remains the same
(3) Increases the Electromotive force (EMF)
(4) Electromotive force (EMF) becomes zero
16. In alternative current generator, AC current reverses its direction :
(1) 10 times per second (2) 20 times per second
(3) 60 times per second (4) 50 times per second

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17. The direction of induced emf or current is indicated by
(1) Fleming’s left-hand rule
(2) Fleming’s right-hand rule
(3) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
(4) None of these
18. A transformer is based on the principle of :
(1) Mutual Induction (2) Self-Induction (3) Ampere’s Law (4) None of these
19. Transformer eddy current losses can be reduced by :
(1) Using copper wire in winding
(2) Using laminated core
(3) Using step down transformer
(4) Increasing the number of turns in secondary coil
20. Transformation ratio in the step –up transformer is
(1) One
(2) Greater than one
(3) Less than one
(4) The ratio greater or less than one depends on the other factor

ANSWER KEY
1. (4) 2. (4) 3. (3) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (2) 7. (3) 8. (2)
9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (3) 12. (2) 13. (4) 14. (3) 15. (3) 16. (4)
17. (2) 18. (1) 19. (2) 20. (2)

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 ALLEN CBSE 15

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

(Transformer)
A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages
or currents. It does not affect the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual
induction. A transformer essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having
different number of turns and wound on the same soft iron core.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer are 2000 and
50 respectively. The primary coil is connected to a main supply of 120 V and secondary coil is
connected to a bulb of resistance 0.6 W.
1. The value of voltage across the secondary coil is :
(1) 5 V (2) 2 V (3) 3 V (4) 10 V
2. The value of current in the bulb is :
(1) 7 A (2) 15 A (3) 3 A (4) 5 A
3. The value of current in primary coil is :
(1) 0.125 A (2) 2.52 A (3) 1.51 A (4) 3.52 A
4. Power in primary coil is :
(1) 20 W (2) 5 W (3) 10 W (4) 15 W
5. Power in secondary coil is :
(1) 15 W (2) 20 W (3) 7 W (4) 8 W

ANSWER KEY
1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (4) 5. (1)
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16 Physics ALLEN
ASSERTION AND REASON
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-5)

In the following questions an Assertion (A) is followed by a corresponding Reason (R). Use the

following keys to choose the appropriate answer.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(3) (A) is correct; (R) is incorrect.

(4) (A) is incorrect; (R) is incorrect

1. Assertion : The alternating current lags behind the emf. by a phase angle of p/2, when A.C.

flows through an inductor.

Reason : The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of A.C. source decreases.

2. Assertion : Capacitor serves as a block for D.C. and offers an easy path to A.C.

Reason : Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.

3. Assertion : When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in LCR series

circuit, e.m.f. leads the current.

Reason : The phase angle is the angle between the alternating e.m.f. and alternating current of

the circuit.

4. Assertion : In series LCR circuit phase difference between current and voltage is never zero.

Reason : Voltage and current are in phase.

node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

5. Assertion : Average power loss in series LC circuit is always zero.

Reason : Average value of voltage and current in AC is zero.

ANSWER KEY
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5. (2)

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 ALLEN CBSE 17

EXERCISE-2

æ pö
1. If a current I given by I 0 sin ç w t - ÷ flows in an ac circuit across which an ac potential of
è 2ø
E = E 0 sin w t has been applied, then the power consumption P in the circuit will be

E0 I 0 E0 I 0
(1) P= (2)=
P 2E0 I0 (3) P = (4) P = 0
2 2
2. The r.m.s. value of an ac of 50 Hz is 10 amp. The time taken by the alternating current in
reaching from zero to maximum value and the peak value of current will be
(1) 2 ´ 10–2 sec and 14.14 amp (2) 1 ´ 10–2 sec and 7.07 amp
(3) 5 ´ 10–3 sec and 7.07 amp (4) 5 ´ 10–3 sec and 14.14 amp
3. The current 'i' in an inductance coil varies with time 't' according to following graph

t
(0, 0)

Which one of the following plots shows the variations of voltage in the coil
V V

(1) (2)
t (0, 0) t
(0, 0)

V
V

(3) (4)
(0, 0) t
(0, 0) t
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4. A bulb is connected first with dc and then ac of same voltage then it will shine brightly with
(1) AC (2) DC
(3) Brightness will be in ratio 1/1.4 (4) Equally with both
5. In the circuit given below, what will be the reading of the voltmeter :
V 100V 100V

200V, 100 Hz

(1) 300 V (2) 900 V (3) 200 V (4) 400 V

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18 Physics ALLEN
6. For high frequency, a capacitor offers
(1) More reactance (2) Less reactance (3) Zero reactance (4) Infinite reactance
7. An alternating e.m.f. of angular frequency w is applied across an inductance. The instantaneous
power developed in the circuit has an angular frequency
w w
(1) (2) (3) w (4) 2w
4 2
8. In an ac circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by p / 3 . The components in the circuit are
(1) R and L (2) R and C (3) L and C (4) Only R
9. Same current is flowing in two alternating circuits. The first circuit contains only inductance and
the other contains only a capacitor. If the frequency of the e.m.f. of ac is increased, the effect on
the value of the current will be
(1) Increases in the first circuit and decreases in the other
(2) Increases in both the circuits
(3) Decreases in both the circuits
(4) Decreases in the first circuit and increases in the other
10. The figure shows variation of R, XL and XC with frequency f in a series L, C, R circuit. Then for
what frequency point, the circuit is inductive

XC XL

f
AB C

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) All points

Assertion & Reason (11 to 20)

node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

In the following questions an Assertion (A) is followed by a corresponding Reason (R). Use the
following keys to choose the appropriate answer.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is correct; (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect; (R) is incorrect
11. Assertion : An electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and A.C. source, its
brightness increases with increase in capacitance.
Reason : Capacitive reactance decreases with increase in capacitance of capacitor.

E
 ALLEN CBSE 19
12. Assertion : Soft iron is used as a core of transformer.
Reason : Area of hysteresis loop for soft iron is small.
13. Assertion : We use a thick wire in the secondary coil of a step down transformer to reduce the
production of heat.
Reason : Laminated core used to reduce eddy current losses.
14. Assertion : An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an A.C. circuit. In this
circuit the current across the resistance lags behind potential difference across the inductance by
an angle p/2.
Reason : In L-R circuit voltage lags the current by phase angle which depends on the value of
inductance and resistance both.
15. Assertion : A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is connected to A.C. source. If a soft iron
core is introduced in the solenoid, the bulb will glow brighter.
Reason : On introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, the inductance decreases.
16. Assertion : An alternating current does not show any magnetic effect.
Reason : Alternating current does not vary with time.
17. Assertion : A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an ac circuit in place of the choke
coil.
Reason : A capacitor blocks dc and allows ac only.
18. Assertion : The divisions are equally marked on the scale of ac ammeter.
Reason : Heat produced is directly proportional to the current.
19. Assertion : AC is more dangerous than DC.
Reason : Peak value of AC is more that of the DC for the same voltage.
20. Assertion : In series LCR circuit resonance can take place.
Reason : Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive reactance’s are equal and opposite.
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\Board Material\Physics\CBSE Booklet\Class XII\Booklet_Final7.Alternating Current

ANSWER KEY
1. (4) 2. (4) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (4) 8. (1)
9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (1) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (4) 15. (4) 16. (4)
17. (2) 18. (4) 19. (1) 20. (1)