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Seminar
On
GLOBAL WARMING

Submitted To: Submitted By:

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Content
 Introduction
 What is Global Warming?
 How Global Warming Works.
 Example of the Greenhouse Effect.
 Difference between “global warming” and “climate change.
 Effects of Global Warming.
 Why is global warming happening?
 How is Global Warming measured?
 When did Global Warming started?
 What can you do to help solve the problem?
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Introduction
 Is the world getting warmer?
 If so, are the actions of mankind

to blame for earth’s temperature

increases?
 What can/should be done about

these issues?
 What is global warming?

 Global Warming is the increase of Earth's

average surface temperature due to effect of
greenhouse gases,
 such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning

fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap

heat that would otherwise escape from Earth.
 This is a type of greenhouse effect.
How Global Warming Works

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

 Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.
This energy (heat)
is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.
 What’s the difference
between “global warming”
and “climate change”?
Difference

GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGE

is the increase of the is a broader term that
Earth’s average surface refers to long-term
temperature due to a changes in climate,
build-up of greenhouse including average
gases in the temperature and
atmosphere. precipitation.
Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature

Habitat Damage and

Changes in Water Supply
Species Affected
What’s the proof that global
warming is taking place?
Portage Glacier
 Alaska

1914 2004
Colorado River
 Arizona

June 2002 Dec 2003

Why is global warming
happening?
Burning of Fossil Fuels

Pollution from coal,

natural gas, and oil
When did global
warming start?
Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2
What is carbon dioxide and how is it discovered?
Joseph Black, a Scottish chemist and
physician, first identified carbon dioxide in
the 1750s. At room temperatures (20-25 oC),
carbon dioxide is an odourless, colourless
gas, which is faintly acidic and non-
flammable. Carbon dioxide is a molecule with
the molecular formula CO2. The linear
molecule consists of a carbon atom that is
doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms,
O=C=O.
 Applications of carbon dioxide by
humans
Humans use carbon dioxide in many different
ways. The most familiar example is its use in soft
drinks and beer, to make them fizzy.
Carbon dioxide released by baking powder or yeast
makes cake batter rise. Some fire extinguishers
use carbon dioxide because it is denser than air.
Carbon dioxide can blanket a fire, because of its
heaviness.
The part carbon dioxide plays in environmental
processes

Carbon dioxide plays an important part in

vital plant and animal process, such as
photosynthesis and respiration.
 Environmental problems - the greenhouse effect

 Greenhouse gasses absorb some of the heat and

trap it near the earth's surface, so that the earth is
warmed up. This process, commonly known as the
greenhouse effect.
 The amount of heat in the troposphere depends on
concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gasses
and the amount of time these gasses remain in the
atmosphere. The most important greenhouse
gasses are carbon dioxide, CFC's (Chlor-Fluoro-
Carbons), nitrogen oxides and methane.
 Carbon dioxide and health
The primary health dangers of carbon dioxide are:
- Asphyxiation. Caused by the release of carbon dioxide in a
confined or unventilated area. This can lower the concentration of
oxygen to a level that is immediately dangerous for human health.
- Frostbite. Solid carbon dioxide is always below -78 oC at regular
atmospheric pressure, regardless of the air temperature. Handling
this material for more than a second or two without proper
protection can cause serious blisters, and other unwanted effects.
Carbon dioxide gas released from a steel cylinder, such as a fire
extinguisher, causes similar effects.
- Kidney damage or coma. This is caused by a disturbance in
chemical equilibrium of the carbonate buffer. When carbon
dioxide concentrations increase or decrease, causing the
equilibrium to be disturbed, a life threatening situation may
occur.
How is global warming
measured?
 Ice Core Data

CO2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica

 CO2 Atmospheric Measurements

CO2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii

 1000 Years of CO2 and
Global Warming

Temperature
(Northern Hemisphere) CO2 Concentrations
Degree Celsius Increase

Parts Per Million

1000

1800

2000

1000

1200

1400

1800

2000
1200

1400

1600

1600
Year Year
Global
Warming:
Shifting Gears
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon

Goal:
Reductions in
2007
CO2 Per Year
 Carbon Tons Carbon Our Goal

Produce electricity
efficiently
Use electricity
efficiently
Vehicle efficiency
of Metric

Solar and Wind

Power
Biofuels
Gigaton

Carbon capture
Billions

and storage
Reductions
2007 in CO2
Per Year
What’s being done now to reduce
our emissions?

Wind Power Solar Power Fuel-Efficiency

What can you do to help
solve the problem?
Simple Things To Do

Turn off your computer or the TV

when you’re not using it.

Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or

curtains.

Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs
What’s the Compact
Incandescent difference? Fluorescent

500 lbs. of
coal

• 1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided

• $30 saved
Simple Things To Do
Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.

Plant a tree. Recycle.

 Conclusion

 There is very little doubt that global warming will

change our climate in the next century. So what are the
solutions to global warming? First, there must be an
international political solution.
 Second, funding for developing cheap and clean energy
production must be increased, as all economic
development is based on increasing energy usage.
 We must not pin all our hopes on global politics and
clean energy technology, so we must prepare for the
worst and adapt. If implemented now, a lot of the costs
and damage that could be caused by changing climate
can be mitigated.
Reference
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.studymafia.org
 www.pptplanet.com
Thanks