A good presentation is like a good building:

both grow from a careful plan

The ability to use language,
to communicate with
people in times of joy and
sorrow, and to persuade,
soothe, enchant, or calm
another person, is a great
gift. It’s called the art of
communication.
The three V’s of
communication

 Visual : 55% of the impact of

our communication comes
from our body language.
 Voice : 38% is from our voice
tone, tempo and volume.
 Words : 7% is from the actual
words we use.
 Rudyard Kipling’s
Honest six service men

I keep six honest serving-men

(They taught me all I knew);
Their names are What and Why and When
And How and Where and Who.
 Why presentations

• The presentations are used to;

 Inspire
 inform
 Getting across key messages
 persuade
 Opportunity for interaction

• Should be used strategically for conveying excess

information

• Key Skills
 Follow the thumb rule
Using as many senses as possible to reinforce understanding (Visual,
Auditory, Kinesthetic, Olfactory or Gustatory)

•
 Starting off

1. Assess your Audience

 “Success depends on your ability to reach your

audience.”
 Size
 Age, gender, occupation, level, attitude, values,
interest, needs etc
 Knowledge Level
 Motivation

Knowing your audience also helps you take control

your nerves.
 Build Rapport

It means:
• relation marked by harmony or affinity
 Audience members who trust you and feel that you care
• Start Before You Begin
 Mingle; Learn Names
 Opportunity to reinforce or correct audience assessment
 Good First Impression
• People Listen To People They Like
The Persuasion Triangle

Presenter Audience
(Ethos) (Pathos)

Subject
(Logos)
 Persuasion
in the Real World
Presenter Audience
Your Needs & Their Needs &
Interests Interests

Subject
Your Program’s Needs &
Accomplishments
#1: Organizing the content

The presentations, as Dale

Carniege says should clearly
have:

• Introduction: Tell the

audience what you are
going to tell them

• Body: Tell them

• Close: Tell them what you

have told them.
 #2: Opening Your
Presentation
• Introduce Yourself – Why Should They Listen
• Get Attention, Build More Rapport, Introduce Topic
 Humor
 Short Story
 Starling Statistic
 Make Audience Think
 Invite Participation
 Variation in stimulation
 Change of activity
 Include breaks
Get Audience Response
 #2…Completing the
Opening
• Clearly defining topic and state what you want
to achieve out of it.
• If Informative…
 Clear parameters for content within time
• If Persuasive…
 What’s the problem
 Who cares
 What’s the solution
 Highlight the WIIFM Factor
• Overview
 #3: BODY

• Purpose: The body is the most important part of the presentation.

The body should cover the essential information, provide examples,
and allow for discussion and clarification. What should the body
include?

• teaching points
• examples
• exercises, if appropriate
• periodic reviews
• opportunities for discussion or questions for discussion
 #3: Presenting Main
Points (Solution)
• Main Point-Transition-Main Point-Transition- Main
Point…..

• Supporting Evidence

• Examples

• Feedback & Questions From Audience

• Attention to, and Focus on, Audience (Listening)

 #4: Concluding Your
Presentation

• Inform audience that you’re about to close

• Summarize main points

• Something to remember or call-to-action

• Answer questions

“Tell ’em What You Told ‘em.”

 Presentation skills (i)

• First impressions
 Try to appear confident
 Be positive
• Dress
 Be appropriate for the occasion
 What image do you want to convey?
 What do you feel comfortable in?
• Eye contact
 Very important
 Encourages the audience to feel involved
 Presentation skills (ii)

• Structure of presentation
 Ensure that the audience knows where you are going
 They must know what your aim is
• Delivery pace
 Neither too fast, nor too slow
 Practice makes perfect
• Voice modulation
 Avoid monotone
 Deliberately change style
 Remember that audience’s concentration span is
limited!
 Presentation skills (iii)

• Encourage audience involvement

 Can be simply through use of visual aids
 Or get them to ask questions
 Or ask them questions

• Timing
 Never over-run
 Know the material you can cut out if necessary
 Presentation skills (iv)

• Let you Subject Matter Expertise be obvious,

Communicate it well.

• Above all be enthusiastic

 It is your presentation
 You know more about it than they do
 Convey your passion for what you are talking about
 If you are bored, rest assured that the audience will be
too!
 Don’t let Fear Debilitate you, let it facilitate
Preparation and planning (i)

• Prepare a presentation well in advance

• Always run through your presentation beforehand
- to check timing
• Note where you are going to use illustrations
• Know the room where you will be performing
 And how everything works
• Choreograph your performance
 Use two columns: content and choreography
Preparation and planning (ii)

• Incorporate a variety of media

 The spoken word
 The dominant mode
 Computer (PowerPoint) presentation
 Can be useful, but not everyone likes them
 Transparency overheads
 As a general rule, never less than 18 pt.
 Visual slides
 Can really bring things to life, but avoid if poor quality
 Handouts
 Essential for loads of information
 Exhibits
Creating Effective Visual Aids

• Enhances Understanding

• Adds Variety

• Supports Claims

• Has Lasting Impact

Used Poorly…A Distraction…Ineffective Presentation

 Visual Aids - Examples

 PowerPoint Slides

 Overhead projector

 Graphs/Charts

 Picture, Films/Video

 Flip Charts

 Sketches
 Visual Aids Should…

• Supplement presentation

• Outline of main points

• Serve audience’s needs, not speaker’s

• Simple and clear

• Improve comprehension

• Add variety

• Illustrate complex ideas

 Be Visible

• Titles should be bigger font size than the text

as demonstrated.
 Use the font type that is easily readable on screen
and in print both.

Use color wisely

 Contrast and combine colors
 Do not get too loud with colors
 Do not overuse the custom animations
 Physical Attributes

• Appearance
a. Dress neatly and tidily - first impressions are important.
b. Carry yourself in a confident and professional manner.
• Eye Contact
a. Keep eye contact with the audience. This will:
b. Keep them alert.
c. Make them feel that they are being directly spoken to.
d. Make them feel part of the class.
e. Give them confidence in you as the instructor/presenter.
f. Monitor the reactions to what you are saying so that you
can adjust your talk accordingly.
• Do not:

a.Stand rigid
b.March
c.Slouch
• Stare (intimidate).
• Move your eyes from side to side (distraction).
• Look out the window or at the clock (indicates boredom).
• Look only at the training aids or chalk board (this can be perceived
as impolite).
• Look at your feet or at the ceiling (indication of nervousness or
timidity).
 Body Movements

• Do not(or at least avoid)

a. Play with keys or coins in your pocket.

b. Use your hands too much, touching your nose or ears and
excessive coughing.
c. Use gestures that indicate you are washing your hand of a situation
or wringing your hands because of frustration.
d. Use a pointer, pen, pencil or chalk to point at an individual may be
perceived as offensive.
 Gestures

• Do:

a. Use meaningful and appropriate gestures to make a point.

b. Move forward for emphasis (e.g. when standing at a podium).
c. Relax when talking from behind a desk -this creates some intimacy
with a group.
d. Slowly and on occasion move from side to side to engage all parts
of the class.
 VOICE

• Volume
• Speak loudly enough to be heard.

• Pitch
• Use effectively to convey meaning.

• Rate
• Speak more quickly to convey enthusiasm.
• Speak more slowly to emphasize key points or issues.

• Do not:
• Speak so quickly that no one can understand.
• Speak so slowly that people become bored or drowsy.
• Articulation
Speak clearly, pronouncing words carefully -don't mumble. Control
your lips, teeth and
tongue to assist you.

• Language
Avoid "pet" expressions (e.g."O.K.","Like", "You know").
Do not use profanity.

• Humor
Use humor but only appropriately.
So your Presentations must;

 Address the topic

 Have clear structure
 Use a range of relevant sources
 Include relevant analysis
 Be clearly audible
 Use visual aids well
 Be appropriately paced and to time
 Have a good eye contact and body language
 Encourage audience involvement
 Aristotle, Cicero on
Public speaking
• The speaker draws on both specialized knowledge
about the subject and general lines of reasoning
common to all kinds of speeches.
• avoid complicated schemes of organization.
• Aristotle said, "The metaphor most brings about
learning." Artistic styles and images promote
persuasion in an audience.
• was added later by rhetoric scholars. Its modern
equivalent is rehearsal.
• Audiences tend to reject delivery that appears
staged or planned. Speeches given in a natural
manner are the most persuasive.