Human Rights:

‫انسانی حقوق‬
moral principles or norms
Human rights are basic rights and
freedoms that all people are entitled to
regardless of nationality, sex, national or
ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or
other status. ...
Human Rights may include freedom from 
1. unlawful imprisonment,
2.  torture and 
3. Execution
4.  right to a fair trial,
5. protection against enslavement,
6. prohibition of genocide
7. free speech
8.  right to education
The 30 articles of the UDHR establish the

civil, political, economic, social, and

cultural rights of all people.

‫تمام انسان آزاد اور حقوق و عزت کے‬

‫اعتبار سے برابر پیدا ہوتے ہیں‬
International Humanitarian law
The Geneva Conventions came into being between
1864 and 1949 as a result of efforts by Henry Dunant, the
founder of the International Committee of the Red
Cross.
 The conventions safeguard the human rights of
individuals involved in armed conflict, and build on
the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, the
international community's first attempt to formalise the
laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of secular
international law.
The conventions were revised as a result of World War II
and readopted by the international community in 1949.
Philosophy of Human Rights in West

Freedom

Philosophy of Human Rights in Islam

Dignity of Mankind

Equality of Mankind

Justice
 Islamic Philosophy of Human Rights
‫اسالم میں بنیادیانسانی حقوق کا نقطہ نظر‬
A complete code of life--- covers all aspects of
human life and society, politics and state
Provides a perfect charter of fundamental human
rights
Rights and duties over one another for social
responsibility
Key term used in Holy Quran is

“Haquq al-ibad” ‫حقوق العباد‬

Granted by Allah-creator , cannot be

snatched
Even in case of emergency, more

responsible

All are equal irrespective of gender, color,

cast and creed

Equality of all Mankind‫انسانی مساوات‬

‫س‬ ْ
‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ق‬ َ َ ‫َل‬‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ َّ ‫ال‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ق‬ُ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ َ
ٍ َّ ِّ ِ ُ َّ َ َّ ُ َّ َ ُّ ‫يَا أ‬
‫ي‬
ً ِ ‫جااًل كَث‬
‫يرا‬ َ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫ما‬ َ ‫ه‬ ُ ْ ‫من‬
ِ ‫ث‬
َّ َ ‫وب‬ َ ‫ها‬ َ ‫ج‬َ ‫و‬ْ ‫ها َز‬ َ ْ ‫من‬ ِ ‫ق‬ َ َ ‫وخَل‬ َ ‫ة‬ ٍ َ‫حد‬ ِ ‫وا‬َ
َ
َ ‫واأْل ْر‬ َ ُ ‫ساءَل‬ ِ َّ ‫ه ال‬
‫ن‬
َّ ِ ‫ام ۚ إ‬َ ‫ح‬ َ ‫ه‬
ِ ِ ‫ون ب‬ َ َ ‫ذي ت‬ َ َّ ‫قوا الل‬ ُ َّ ‫وات‬َ ۚ ً‫ساء‬ َ ِ ‫ون‬
َ
4:1 - ‫قيبًا‬ ِ ‫م َر‬ ْ ُ ‫علَيْك‬ َ ‫ان‬ َ َ‫ه ك‬ َ َّ ‫الل‬

O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one

soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from
both of them many men and women. And fear Allah,
through whom you ask one another, and the wombs.
Indeed Allah is ever, over you, an Observer. nisa
‫ارفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَ ْك َر َم ُك ْم‬ ُ ‫اس إِ َّنا َخلَ ْق َنا ُكم ِّمن َذ َك ٍر َوأُن َث ٰى َو َج َع ْل َنا ُك ْم‬
َ ‫ش ُعو ًبا َو َق َبا ِئل َ لِ َت َع‬ ُ ‫َيا أَ ُّي َها ال َّن‬
49:13 - ‫عِ ن َد هَّللا ِ أَ ْت َقا ُك ْم ۚ إِنَّ هَّللا َ َعلِي ٌم َخ ِبي ٌر‬

O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and

female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know
one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of
Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing
and Acquainted.
Right to life‫زندہ رہنے کا حق‬


‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫غ‬

َ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ْ
‫ف‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬َ َ ‫ت‬ ‫ق‬َ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ َّ ‫ن‬ َ ‫يل أ‬
َ ِ ‫ئ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬
َ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬َ ‫ت‬ َ ‫ك‬ ‫ك‬ َ ِ ‫ل‬ َ ٰ ‫ذ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ َ ‫من أ‬
ِ ْ ِ ً َ ُ َ ِ ْ َ ٰ ْ ِ ْ ْ ِ
‫س‬
ٍ ‫ف‬ ْ َ‫ن‬
‫ها‬ َ ‫حيَا‬ َ ‫ل النَّاس جميعا وم‬ َ َ َ ‫فكَأ‬ َ َ ‫في اأْل‬ َ َ‫أ‬
ْ ‫نأ‬ ْ َ َ ً ِ َ َ َ ‫ت‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬
َ َّ ‫ن‬ ‫ض‬ ِ ْ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫د‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ َ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬
ْ
‫ن‬ ُ ْ ُ َ َ َ َ ‫فكَأ‬َ
َّ ِ ‫م إ‬ َّ ‫ث‬ ‫ات‬
ِ َ ‫ن‬ِّ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ب‬ ‫ال‬ ِ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
ُ ُ ْ ُ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ْ ‫ت‬َ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬َ ْ ‫د‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬
َ ۚ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬
ً ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ِ ‫ج‬َ ‫س‬
َ ‫ا‬ َّ ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬
َ َّ ‫ن‬
َ َ ‫في اأْل‬
5:32 - ‫ون‬ َ ‫ف‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
ِ ْ ُ ِ ْ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫ك‬ َ ِ ‫عدَ ذَٰل‬ ْ َ ‫هم ب‬ ُ ْ ‫من‬ ِّ ‫يرا‬ ً ِ ‫كَث‬

Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that

whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done]
in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And
whoever saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely. And
our messengers had certainly come to them with clear proofs. Then
indeed many of them, [even] after that, throughout the land, were
transgressors.
6:151 - ۚ ‫س ا َّلتِي َح َّر َم هَّللا ُ إِاَّل ِبا ْل َح ِّق‬
َ ‫َواَل َت ْق ُتلُوا ال َّن ْف‬

 And do not kill the soul which Allah

has forbidden [to be killed] except
by [legal] right. 
 ‫حدیث‬
Hadith

(Their lives and their properties are

sacred to us except when they violate
the sanctity of the life and property of
others, and Allah alone is the judge of
their intentions.)
Right to Religious Freedom
‫مذہبی آزادی کا حق‬

ِ ِّ‫اَل إِ ْك َرا َه فِي الد‬

2:256 - ٌ ‫ين‬

There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of]

the religion.

 109:6 - ‫ين‬ ‫د‬

ِ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ل‬
َ َ ْ‫و‬ ‫م‬ُ ‫ك‬ُ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬
ِ ‫م‬ُ
ْ ‫ل‬‫ك‬َ
ِ
For you is your deen, and for me is my deen.
 ‫انسانیت‬
Dignity of mankind ‫عظمت‬

َ‫في الْب َ ِّر‬ ِ ‫م‬ ْ ‫ه‬ ُ ‫ملْنَا‬ َ ‫ح‬

َ ‫و‬َ ‫م‬ َ َ‫منَا بَنِي آد‬ ْ ‫قدْ ك َ َّر‬ َ َ‫ل‬
‫م‬ ُ ‫ضلْنَا‬
ْ ‫ه‬ َ ‫و‬
َّ ‫ف‬ َ ‫ات‬
ِ َ ‫ب‬ِّ ‫ي‬َّ ‫الط‬ ‫ن‬َ ‫م‬ِّ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬
ُ ‫ا‬َ ‫ن‬ ْ
‫ق‬ ‫ز‬
َ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
َ َ ِ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ْ َ ‫ب‬ْ ‫وال‬
َ
17:70 - ‫ضياًل‬ ِ ‫ف‬ْ َ ‫قنَا ت‬ ْ َ ‫ن خَل‬ ْ ‫م‬
َّ ‫م‬ ِّ ‫ير‬ٍ ِ ‫ث‬ َ ‫ك‬ ‫ى‬ ٰ ‫عل‬َ َ

And We have certainly honored the

children of Adam and carried them on the
land and sea and provided for them of the
good things and preferred them over much of
what We have created, with [definite]
preference.
Right to protection of Honor
‫عزت کے تحفظ کا حق‬

( And who so conceals the faults of a

Muslim, Allah will conceal his sins on
Resurrection day) Bukhari.

“ O people surely your blood, your property,

your honor are as sacred and inviolable as
the sacred inviolability of this day of yours.”
Hadith
Right of Education ‫کا حق‬ ‫تعلیم‬

1. Seek knowledge from cradle to grave

2. The best amongst you is the one who

learns and teaches others
Right to justice ‫انصاف کا حق‬

َ
‫او ِإ َذا َحك ْم ُتم َب ْي َن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ َ
‫أ‬
‫ى‬ َ
‫ل‬ ‫إ‬
‫ات‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ َ ‫أْل‬
‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ؤ‬َ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ َ
‫م‬
‫أ‬ ‫ك‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ْ
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ه‬
‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ
َ َ ِ ْ ٰ ِ ِ َ َ ُّ ُ ْ ُ ُ َ َ ‫ِإ َّن‬
‫ان‬ َ َّ ُ ُ َّ ْ ُ َ
َ ‫م ِه ۗ ِإ َّن َالهك‬ ‫ه ِع َّما َي ِعظك ِب‬ ‫وابال َع ْد ِل ۚ ِإ َّن َال ِن‬ ِ ‫اسأن َت ْحك ُم‬ ِ ‫ال َّن‬
4:58 - ‫يرا‬ ً‫ص‬ ِ ‫يعا َب‬ً ‫سم‬ ِ َ

Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts

to whom they are due and when you judge
between people to judge with justice.
Excellent is that which Allah instructs you.
Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing. Nisa
 ‫ه‬ َّ ُ
َ ‫منُوا كونُوا‬ َّ َ
ِ ‫ين لِل‬
َ ‫م‬ِ ‫وا‬
َّ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ين آ‬
َ ‫ذ‬
ِ ‫ها ال‬
َ ُّ ‫يَا أي‬
‫ط‬ِ ‫س‬ ِ ْ ‫هدَاءَ بِال‬
ْ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ش‬ُ َ

O you who have believed, be persistently

standing firm for Allah, witnesses in justice

Freedom of Movement
‫شخصی آزادی کا تحفظ‬
Example of Holy Prophet and a person’s
neighbor
Right to property‫کا حق‬ ‫جائیداد‬

َ ‫يب ِّم َّما ا ْك َت‬

ۖ ‫س ُبوا‬ ٌ ِ‫ال َنص‬ ِّ ‫ض ۚ ِّل‬
ِ ‫لر َج‬ َ ‫ضل َ هَّللا ُ ِب ِه َب ْع‬
ٍ ‫ض ُك ْم َعلَ ٰى َب ْع‬ َّ ‫َ اَلو َت َت َم َّن ْوا َما َف‬
ِّ ‫ضلِ ِه ۗ إِنَّ هَّللا َ َكانَ ِب ُكل‬
ْ ‫اسأَلُوا هَّللا َ مِن َف‬ ْ ‫س ْبنَ ۚ َو‬ َ ‫يب ِّم َّما ْاك َت‬
ٌ ِ‫اء َنص‬ ِ ‫س‬ َ ‫َولِل ِّن‬
4:32 - ‫علِي ًما‬ َ
َ ‫ش ْي ٍء‬
And do not wish for that by which Allah has made
some of you exceed others. For men is a share of
what they have earned, and for women is a share
of what they have earned. And ask Allah of his
bounty. Indeed Allah is ever, of all things, Knowing.
Right to Privacy ‫رازداری کا حق‬

‫غي ْ َر‬ َ ‫منُوا اَل تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ين‬ ‫ذ‬ َّ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫يا أ‬
َ َ ِ َ ُّ َ
ُ َّ ُ َ َ ِّ ْ
‫كم‬ْ ‫كم َخ ْي ٌر ل‬ َ ٰ
ْ ‫ىه ِل َها ۚ ذ ِل‬
ْ ‫عل ٰأ‬َ ‫س ُموا‬
‫سأ ِن ُسوا َو ُت َ ل‬ ‫ىت ْ َت‬َ ٰ ‫كم َح َّت‬ ْ ُ ‫ُب ُيو ِت‬
24:27 -‫ون‬ ْ ُ ‫َل َع َّل‬
َ ‫كم َت َذ َّك ُر‬

O you who have believed, do not enter

houses other than your own houses until
you ascertain welcome and greet their
inhabitants. That is best for you; perhaps
you will be reminded. An-Nur
Rights of the Spouses
‫میاںبیویکے حقوق‬

( mutual rights and obligations, best is the man

who is kind to his wife.)

Rights of the parents

‫والدین کے حقوق‬
(be kind to parents, no word of contempt for them,
pray to Allah for them)
Rights of Relatives
‫رشتہ داروںکے حقوق‬
(Silla -e- Rehmi)

Rights Of Neighbors
‫ہمسائیوںکے حقوق‬
(Allah has enjoined to do good, unto
neighbors who are near and unto neighbors
who are strangers, and the companion by
your side,) 4:36
Rights of the sick
‫بیماروںک ے حقوق‬
(visiting to the sick.) Bukhari.

Prophet (SAW) says, when a Muslim pays visit to a

sick Muslim, he remains in the gardens of paradise

till he comes back.
‫‪Rights of Prisoners‬‬

‫برسرجنگدشمنوںکے حقوق‬
‫جنگیقیدیوںکے حقوق‪‬‬

‫مفتوحعالقے کے لوگوںکے حقوق‪‬‬

“And your slaves! See that you feed
them with such food as you eat
yourselves, and clothe them with the
stuff you wear; and if they commit a
fault which you are not inclined to
forgive, then part from them, for they
are the servants of the Lord, and are
not to be harshly treated.”
‫حیثیت ‪‬‬ ‫قانون کی‬ ‫الوامی‬
‫اق‬ ‫بین‬
‫ظلم کے خالف آواز اٹھانے کا حق‪‬‬
‫آزادی اظہاررائے کا حق‪‬‬
‫مذہبی دل آزاری سے تحفظ کا حق‪‬‬
‫ایک کے قصور میں دوسرے کو نہ پکڑا جائے‪‬‬
‫مساوات ‪‬‬ ‫قانون کی نگاہ میں‬
‫حاکموں کا قانون سے باالتر نہ ہونا‪‬‬
‫‪Holy prophet & a warrior during Badar‬‬
‫یںشریوںکے حقوق‪‬‬
‫اسالمیریاستم ہ‬
Foremost comprehensive charter of Human Rights in the history
of mankind;
“O people! Listen to what I say. I do not know whether I will ever meet
you at this place after this years”
Right to Sanctity of Life and Property
“Your blood and your property are as sacred as are this day and
this month(9th Zil Hijja). You will surely meet your Lord and He
will ask you of your works. I have told you. HE who is entrusted
with property belonging to another should deliver his trust to
whom it belongs.”
Right to Inheritance
“God has ordained to every man the share of his inheritance: a
testament is not lawful to the prejudice of heirs. The child
belongs to his parents: and the violator of wedlock shall be
stoned”.
Riba/Usury Abolished
“Usury is forbidden, and I make a beginning by remitting the
amounts of interest which ‘Abbas bin Abdul-Mutlib’ had to
receive, verily, it is remitted entirely.”
Rights of Wives protected
“O people! Fear Allah concerning women. Verily you have
taken them on the security of Allah and have made their
persons lawful unto you by words of Allah! It is incumbent
upon them to honour their conjugal rights and, not to
commit acts of impropriety which, if they do, you have
authority to chastise them, yet not severely. If your wives
refrain from impropriety and are faithful to you, clothe and
feed them suitably”.
Four Months declared sacred
“Time has grown the same as it was when Allah created the
heavens and earth. A year is of twelve months. Four of
which are sacred months. Three of the four months are
successive; they are zul-qadah, zul-Hijjah, and al-
Muharram. The four month is Rajab.”
Do not kill each other
“You will go back to be resurrected to your Lord. There you
will be accounted for your deeds. So, do not turn into
people who go astray and kill one another.”
Equality of all races
“The Arabs are not superior to the Ajmais, or the Ajmais to
the Arabs.”
Justice, Equality and Brotherhood of Muslims
You must know that every Muslim is the brother of another
Muslim and that all Muslim are brethren. All of you are as
equal as the fingers of hand. It is not lawful for any man to
take anything of his brother’s, except what is given with
one’s own free will. Therefore do not do injustice to one
another,”
Right of the slaves
“And your slaves! See that you feed them with such food as
you eat yourselves, and clothe them with the stuff you
wear; and if they commit a fault which you are not inclined
to forgive, then part from them, for they are the servants of
the Lord, and are not to be harshly treated.”
Responsibilities of crime lies on his own
shoulders not on his elatives

“Any wrongdoer does not wrong another except himself. So, let no one
of you be blamed for the acts of his father or his son. Verily, Satan
has utterly been despaired of being worshipped in this city of yours;
but he will be obeyed by you in things you will be considering of no
value. Satan will be content even by such things.”
Observance of Religious Duties
“O people, I am not succeeded by a prophet you are not
succeeded by any nation. So, I recommend you to worship your
Lord, to pray the five prayers, to fast Ramazan and to offer
Zakat. I recommend you to perform the pilgrimage to the
Sacred House of your Lord and to obey those who are in charge
of you, then you will be awarded to enter the paradise of Your
Lord.”
 Uniqueness
First ever charter of Human Rights

Gives rights to : women, slave,

Address Humanity (O People)

Concept of equality

These rights can never be violated

 Critical Analysis
The first religion in the history which gave a charter
of human rights and freedom.

Arab society in grip of ignorance ,superstition,

brutality, blood feuds and enmities prior to advent of
Islam.

European continent in virtual darkness and bleeding

under absolute monarchs and despots. All the
civilizations were unaware of human rights.
Special rights for women, slaves, inheritance
The western concept of human rights is the
outcome of their great struggle.

1215 Magna Carta England

July 12,1776, American constitution and
Fundamental rights
1879 French revolution
1948 universal declaration of H.R. under UNO

But Islam presented these concepts

more than 1400 years ago
in a practical form.