ENERGY

SOURCES
& STORAGE
Er. Pankaj Mittal
Assistant Professor
Energy System
The term “energy systems” usually describes the set of production,

transformation, transport and distribution processes of energy sources. Energy

systems usually are very complex and call for knowledge deriving from all

scientific fields to be developed and managed. Viewed in engineering terms, an

energy system lends itself to representation as a flow network.

Energy Sources

Today every country draws its energy needs from a variety of sources. We can

broadly categorize these sources as commercial and non-commercial. The

commercial sources include the fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), hydroelectric

power and nuclear power, while the non-commercial sources include wood, animal

waste and agriculture wastes.

Energy Transformation
Energy transformation, also known as
energy conversion, is the process of
changing energy from one form to
another. Any type of energy use must
involve some sort of energy
transformation. e.g. as water falls
over a waterfall, its gravitational
potential energy is first transformed
into kinetic energy.
 Single Transformations - Sometimes, one form of energy needs to be transformed into
another to get work done. For examples-
 In induction cooktop electrical energy converted into thermal energy to cook the
food. In Cellphone electrical energy to electromagnetic waves travel to other
cellphone.
 In human body chemical energy in food to mechanical energy for muscle movement.
 Multiple Transformations – Often, a series of energy transformation is need to do
work. For example-
 The mechanical energy used to strike a match is transformed to thermal energy. The
thermal energy causes the particles in the match to release stored chemical energy,
which transformed to more thermal energy and to the electromagnetic energy you see
as light.
 In a car engine, another series of energy conversion occurs. Electrical energy
produces a spark. This thermal energy of the spark release chemical energy in the
fuel. The fuel expands as it is broken down into smaller particles. The expansion of
fuel produces pressure on parts of the car. The increased pressure eventually causes
the wheels to turn, transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy.
Some more examples of energy transformation and their uses
Energy Efficiency
 
Energy efficiency simply means using less energy to perform the same task – that is,
eliminating energy waste. Energy efficiency brings a variety of benefits: reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, reducing demand for energy imports, and lowering our costs
on a household and economy-wide level.
Energy efficiency is the first fuel of a sustainable global energy system. It can mitigate
climate change, improve energy security and grow economies while delivering
environmental and social benefits

X 100
Energy Storage
Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of
energy to perform some useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is
sometimes called an accumulator.
Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy
storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical,
electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.
Energy storage involves converting energy from forms that are difficult to store to more
conveniently or economically storable forms.
Some technologies provide short-term energy storage, while others can endure for much
longer. There are various methods of energy storage.
Energy Storage Systems
Energy Storage System can be classified as-
 Chemical
• Biofuels
• Hydrated salts
• Hydrogen storage
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Power to gas
• Vanadium pentoxide
 Biological
• Starch
• Glycogen
 Electrochemical
• Batteries
• Flow batteries
• Fuel cells
 Mechanical
• Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
• Fireless locomotive
• Flywheel energy storage
• Gravitational potential energy
• Hydraulic accumulator
• Pumped-storage hydroelectricity ( PHS)

 Electrical, electromagnetic
• Capacitor
• Supercapacitor
• Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)

 Fossil fuel storage

 Thermal
• Brick storage heater
• Cryogenic energy storage, Liquid air energy storage (LAES)
• Liquid nitrogen engine
• Eutectic system
• Ice storage air conditioning
• Molten salt storage
• Phase-change material
• Seasonal thermal energy storage
• Solar pond
• Steam accumulator
• Thermal energy storage (general)
Role of Energy Storage in 21st century Grid
Energy storage could play a key enabling role in every aspect of modern grid including
Generation, Transmission, Distribution and at Customer Premise (including electric
vehicles)
THANK YOU!