FIRE PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS

REPORTERS:
BRYAN MIGUEL ENCARNACION
LANCE ROBLEDO
 Get to Know Local Laws
 Your venue should seek the advice and cooperation
of your local Law Enforcement and Fire Marshall
 Office to help you design and implement your
crowd management and security plan. Ask for their
expertise and experience in the following areas:
• Potentially hazardous areas inside and/or outside of
the venue
• Are all areas viewable to the public? Hidden areas
within a venue provide spaces for unsafe activities
to occur.
• What are local crime statistics, and what impact will
these have on moving patrons along safe routes?
• Are exits clearly marked and easily accessed?
 Perform Fire Drill Walk Through
• Crowd management situations involving fires,
nothing can be more life saving than a well
established fire drill policy. Conducting a walk-
through of the inside of your venue with Fire
Department officials can help you identify any
potential hazards or problem areas. Use their
experience to ensure lanes to exit doors are
unblocked, doors are unlocked, lighted exit
signs are clearly visible from every spot inside
the venue, and whether flammable materials are
present.
FIRE INCIDENTS IN THE YEAR
2010- 2019
 APPLICATION ROLE PLAY
FIRST SCENARIO : FIRE IN THE HOTEL ROOM
• WHAT TO DO IN WHEN YOU DISCOVERED FIRE INSIDE THE HOTEL ROOM
• DO NOT PANIC
• IF SMALL FIRE APPEAR EITHER TAKE ACTION OR PUT IT OUT BY ITSELF
• IF THE FIRE SPRREAD UNCONTROLLABY PRESS THE FIRE ALARM BUTTON
• GET THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND EXTINGUISH THE FIRE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
• IF FIRE IS GETTING BIGGER EVACUATE THE AREA AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
• EXIT THROUGH THE FIRE EXIT DOORS
• CALL THE FIRE DEPARTMENT
• WAIT UNTIL THE FIRE IS EXTINGUISH AND IS IT SAFE TO GO BACK INSIDE THE HOTEL .
 DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and
reduce the effects of disasters. That is, to predict and, where
possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their impact on vulnerable
populations, and respond to and effectively cope with their
consequences.
TYPHOON
 A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone
that develops between 180° and 100°E
in the Northern Hemisphere. This region
is referred to as the Northwestern
Pacific Basin, and is the most active
tropical cyclone basin on Earth,
accounting for almost one-third of the
world's annual tropical cyclones
 REASONS FOR CANCELLED FLIGHTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Airline companies in the Philippines exert a great deal
of effort to make sure your flights depart and arrive
exactly on time. But changes in your gate assignment,
terminal, aircraft and flight schedule may happen due to
force majeur (unforseen circumstances) including:
 Natural Calamity
 Security and safety concerns
 Government Regulation
 Natural Calamity
 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOUR FLIGHTS GET
CANCELLED OR DELAYED
 If the airline is at fault for the cancelled flight, every
passenger who has already arrived at the airport
should be provided with sufficient meals and
replacement, hotel accommodation, and other
compensation

 Airline companies are required to provide meals or

refreshments. If there’s terminal delay of at least three
hours, following the departure time. Furthermore
passengers are entitled to sending emails and text for
free.
Questions:
 * Do you Get a refund if your flight is Cancelled?
 * When your flight is Cancelled?
 * What happen if your flight is cancelled due to
weather?
 * How can I know if my flight is cancelled?
 * Will airline pay for hotel if flight is cancelled?
 * Can I get compensation for a cancelled flight due
to weather?
 * How long can an airline delay a flight before
cancelling?
 CAB's Policy on Flight Delay:
 * Right to compensation and Amenities in case of flight Delay
 TYPHOON

(Delayed and Cancelled Flights Sequence)

 First Scenario : The passengers booked flights and
they’re inside the house and then there’s a typhoon and
it has a possibility that their flights cancelled. What will
happen to their tickets, what passengers should do and
what are the responsibility of the Airlines.

 Second Scenario: The passengers are already arrived at

the airport then suddenly their flight was delayed due to
typhoon what should the Airlines do to their passengers
and what compensates can get the passengers.
EARTHQUAKE
(A TRAGEDY TO LIFE AND
PROPERTY)
WHAT IS
EARTHQUAKE?
An Earthquake is the result of a
sudden release of energy in the
earth’s crust that creates seismic
waves.
 The seismic activity of an area refers
to the frequency type and size of
earthquakes experience over a
period of time
TERMS RELATED TO EARTHQUAKE
Focus (hypocenter)
Is the point on the fault where rupture
occurs and the location from which
seismic waves are released.
Epicenter
- Is the point on the earth’s surface that is
directly above the focus, the point where
an earthquake or underground explosion
originates.
Fault line
- The line of intersection between the
earth’s surface.
Fault plane
Are the cracks or sudden slips of the
land
Fault scrap
- Is the topographic expression or faulting
attributed to the displacement of the land
surface by movement along faults
CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
Fault
Primary cause of an earthquake on
the crust of the earth
2 classification of fault
Normal fault- a dip slip fault in
which the block above the fault has
move downward relative to block below
Thrust (reverse fault)
A dip slip fault in which the upper block
above the plane moves up and over
the lower back
STRIKE SLIP FAULT
A left lateral strike slip fault
It is one on the displacement of the far
block is to the left when viewed from
either side
A right lateral strike slip fault
It is one on the displacement of the far
block is to the right when viewed from
either side
SOME MAJOR CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
Surface causes
Great explosion, landslide, slips on sleep
coast, dashing of sea waves, avalanches,
railway trains, heavy trucks, some large
engineering projects cause minor tremors.
Some of them are man made, other are
natural.
Volcanic cause
Caused by sudden displacements of lava
within or beneath the earth crust.
TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES OF EARTHQUAKE
THAT CAN OCCUR AT VOLCANO
Volcano- tectonic earthquake
Structural disturbance resulting in the parts of
the lithosphere is the main cause of this type of
earthquake.
Wave produce due to earthquake
Seismic waves produce due to earthquake are
basically divided into two major types.
Body waves
Surface waves
Body waves – travel through the interior (body) of earth
as they leave the focus.

Primary

Secondary

surface
Surface wave
- Travel parallel to the earth’s
surface and these wave are
slowest and most damaging.
• Love waves
• Rayleigh waves
STRENGTH OF EARTHQUAKE
Richer scale- the intensity and strength
of an earthquake is measured, invented
by Charles richer.
Seismograph- the scientist measure the
strength of an earthquake
Seismology- scientific study of
earthquakes and the propagation of
elastic waves through the earth
AMOUNT OF ENERGY RELEASED
DURING DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKE
SEISMOMETERS- ARE
INSTRUMENTS THAT
MEASURE MOTIONS OF
THE GROUND.
- MAY BE DEPLOYED AT
EARTH’S SURFACE IN
SHALLOW VAULTS, IN
BOREHOLES, OR
UNDERWATER
EARTHQUAKE PREDICTIONS
Is usually define as the specification of the time, location and
magnitude of a future earthquake within stated limits.
Some evidence of upcoming earthquake are following:
Animal behavior
Water level wells
Temperature change
Uplifting of earth’s surface
Change in seismic wave velocity
Foreshocks or minor shocks before major earthquake
Large scale of fluctuation of oil flow from oil wells
EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE
Loss of life and property
Damage to transport system
Damage to infrastructure
Chances of floods
Chances of fire circuit
Communication wire damage
Water pipes, sewers are disrupted
Economic activities like agriculture, industry, trade and
transport are severely affected
Land slide
Ground rupture
Fires
Soil Liquefaction
Tsunami
Floods
EARTHQUAKE SAFETY RULES
If you are in house
Don’t use lift for getting down from building
Be prepared to move with your family
If you are in school, shop, or office
- Take cover under a disk/table
Move away from window glass
Do not go near electric point and cable
Keep away from weak portion of the building and
false ceiling
If you are outside
Avoid high buildings, walks, power lines and other
objects that could fall and create block.
Don’t run through streets
If possible move on to an open area away from
hazard including trees.
If you are in vehicle
- Stop in a safe open place
Remain inside vehicle
Close window, doors and vents.
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Keep calm, switch on the transistor radio and obey their
instruction
Keep away from beaches and low banks of river. A huge wave
may sweep in
Do not re enter badly damaged buildings and do not go near
damage structures.
Turn off the water, gas and electricity
Do not smoke. Light match or use a cigarette lighter
Do not turn on switches there maybe gas leak or short circuit
If there is any fire try to put it out or call brigade
Do not drink water from an open containers without having
examined it
If you aware of people have been buried. Tell the rescue
team, do not rush and try not to worsen the situation
Avoid places where there are loose electric wires and do
not come in contact with any metal object
Eat something, you will better and more capable of helping
other
Do not walk around the streets to see what is happening.
Keep the streets clear so rescue vehicles can access the
roads easily
APPLICATION “ROLE PLAY”
Location: Fine Dining Restaurant
Before Earthquake: The staffs must conduct an
earthquake drill and prepare emergency plan and
must be knowledgeable.
During earthquake: All staffs must be calm for
them to properly assist their costumers and must
perform the do’s and don'ts during an earthquake,
the manager should be the last to leave.
After earthquake: The manager should have a
roll call to all employees for her to identify who is
missing and provide assistance to those who
needs it
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION/
ASH FALL
 A volcanic eruption occurs when hot
materials from the Earth's interior are
thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, 
dust, and gas compounds are some of
these "ejecta".
Volcanoes are formed by eruptions of
lava and ash when magma rises
through cracks or weak-spots in the
Earth's crust.
A volcanic eruption is one of the most
dangerous and magnificent natural
disasters. When a volcano erupts, the
volcano sends out ash clouds, lava and
even volcanic bombs. There is a high risk of
danger from slow moving lava; though, the
lava might move slowly, it is very
dangerous and can cause a lot of damage
to property and human life.
ASH FALL

Volcanic ash consists of tiny jagged particles of rock and natural glass blasted
into the air by a volcano. Ash can threaten the health of people and livestock,
pose a hazard to flying jet aircraft, damage electronics and machinery, and
interrupt power generation and telecommunications. Wind can carry ash
thousands of miles, affecting far greater areas and many more people than
other volcano hazards. Even after a series of ash-producing eruptions has
ended, wind and human activity can stir up fallen ash for months or years,
presenting a long-term health and economic hazard.
 MANILA, Philippines – Taal Volcano 
erupted in the afternoon of Sunday, January 12. The eruption was classified
as phreatic by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(Phivolcs).

6 types of volcanic eruptions according to the United States

Geological

 1. Phreatic eruption
 2. Plinian eruption
 3. Pelean eruption
 4. Hawaiian eruption
 5. Strombolian eruption
 6. Vulcanian eruption
 FIVE THINGS TO DO DURING VOLCANIC ERUPTION
 Stay calm
  Follow government warnings and heed to the authorities
evacuation orders
 Stay indoors with all windows and doors closed especially if you
have respiratory ailments.
  Wear mask and goggles.
 Do not run your car or truck
IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
 Inhalation of volcanic ash can be very detrimental to human health, due to the
harmful aerosols and poisonous gases the ash is made up of. Health effects include
respiratory problems, eye problems, and skin irritation.
 Respiratory symptoms (short-term)

runny nose
sore throat/coughing
wheezing/shortness of breath
possible bronchitis

Breathing in small amounts of ash particles infrequently may only cause discomfort
rather than pose a health hazard. At higher concentrations, people should avoid
ash and fine dust ingestion and inhalation simply by using cloth filters over the
mouth and nose. People required to work in ash fall should wear protective
clothing, masks and goggles to minimize ash contact with the body. Prolonged
exposure can cause irritations and inflammation. Gas masks would be required if
toxic gases are detected.
 2. Eye symptoms (short-term)

may become itchy or bloodshot

corneal abrasions or scratches
can result in conjunctivitis
tearing
 One long-term effect of volcanic ash is silicosis. Silicosis is a disease
resulting in lung impairment and scarring, from exposure to particles of
free crystalline silica. Minerals that are associated with silicosis include
quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite, all potentially present in volcanic ash.
 Volcanic ash can also contaminate the water supply.
ERUPTION: WHAT TO DO

The appropriate actions to take when a volcano threatens depends

on style of activity and how far you are from the vent:
 If you are close to the volcano, say within 3-5 km, you may need
to move further away.
 If you are more than 5 km away then you may be able to stay
where you are.
 Evacuations will be coordinated by Civil Defense and the Police.
 Listen to your TV and radio for advice and information.
 The GeoNet project monitors all of our volcanoes and you can find out the
current volcano status from GeoNet.
 The Volcanic Alert Level conveys the current status of each volcano.
Volcanic Alert Bulletins are issued whenever there is a significant change in
volcanic activity.
 MANILA, Philippines (UPDATED) – The Department of Health (DOH) warned
of potential health effects as ashfall from the Taal Volcano reached
Calabarzon and Metro Manila on Sunday, January 12.
 The Taal Volcano in Batangas spewed an ash column one kilometer high on
Sunday afternoon, triggering the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (Phivolcs) to raise its status to Alert Level 4. It also warned that
a "hazardous" eruption may occur "within hours to days."
 APPLICATION: TOUR
GUIDING
Sequence
Kenny Lee will be the tour guide
Located in Tagaytay, (Lets assume)
Before the eruption : tour guide must be knowlegeable
During the eruption: Follow the “ My What to do during Eruption “
After the Disaster : Evacuate the place and always updated in news .
LANDSLIDE
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
LANDSLIDE
 A landslide or landslip are a natural disaster, something which is unfortunately
unavoidable. Landslides can vary in size but usually they always involve a
large ground movement. 
THE CAUSES OF A LANDSLIDE
Earthquakes: Seismic activities have always been a
main cause of landslides throughout the world. Any
time plate tectonics move the soil that covers them
moves with it. When earthquakes occur on areas with
steep slopes, many times the soil slips causing
landslides. Furthermore, ashen debris flows caused by
earthquakes can also trigger mass movement of soil.
 Heavy Rainfall: When sloped areas become
completely saturated by heavy rainfall many times
landslides can occur. Without the aid of mechanical
root support the soil simply runs off when it
contains too much water.
THE CAUSES OF A LANDSLIDE “
NATURAL CAUSE”
Clear Cutting: Method of timber
harvesting which completely removes all
old growth timber from the area. This
method is hazardous because it destroys
the existing mechanical root structure in
the area.
Mining: Mining operations that use blasting
techniques often cause other areas that are at the
risk of sliding to slide due to vibrations under the soil.
DURING A LANDSLIDE
“HUMAN CAUSE”
 If you are inside of a building, stay inside; don’t leave your home until it is
officially safe to do so.
 If outdoors, try to get to the nearest high ground in the direction away from
the path of the landslide.
 If you are at a river, be prepared to leave the area immediately if there are
signs that a landslide has occurred higher upstream. Don’t try to take your
belongings, just leave the area as fast as possible.
 If driving, remain alert and look out for collapsed pavements, mud and
fallen rocks.
 WHAT TO DO BEFORE A
LANDSLIDE
build near steep slopes, close to mountain edges, near drainage ways, or
 Do not
natural erosion valleys.
 Get a ground assessment of your property.
 Contact local officials, state geological surveys or departments of natural
resources, and university departments of geology. Landslides occur where they
have before, and in identifiable hazard locations. Ask for information on landslides
in your area, specific information on areas vulnerable to landslides, and request a
professional referral for a very detailed site analysis of your property, and
corrective measures you can take, if necessary.
 Watch the patterns of storm-water drainage near your home, and note the places
where runoff water converges, increasing flow in channels. These are areas to
avoid during a storm.
 Learn about the emergency-response and evacuation plans for your area. Develop
your own emergency plan for your family or business.
 AFTER A LANDSLIDE:
Don’t go into or return to an area that just experienced a
landslide since there may be additional landslides. Only return
to the area once it is officially safe to do so.
Flooding may occur after a landslide since they might be
caused by the same factors.
Provide assistance to neighbours and to any special needs
individuals such as children and to the elderly.
Check your property for any structural damage.
Check for any damaged utility lines or ruptured water mains.
Report any damage that may have occurred to the relevant
utility company.
Replant damaged ground immediately since soil erosion could
be further caused by loss of ground cover.
 
Tell- tale signs of an
impending landslide:
 Doors or windows stick or jam for the first time;
 New cracks appear in plaster, tile, brick or foundations;
 Outside walls, walks or stairs begin pulling away from the building;
 Ground water seeps to the surface in new locations;
 Fences, retaining walls, utility poles or trees tilt or move;
 Also look out for an unusual amount of leaves from trees falling as this
could be an indication that a landslide is about to occur.
Types of landslides
• Flow:
GABION WALLS
RIPRAP
EROSION CONTROL
COCONET BIO
ENGINEERING
VETIVER GRASS
 SO HERE’S THE TOP 10 LANDSLIDE
PRONE AREAS    IN THE PHILIPPINES
                                                  
 Benguet (90.3%)
 Mt. Province (87.1%)
 Nueva Vizcaya (86.7%)
 Kalinga Apayao (84.7%)
 Southern Leyte (82. 7 %)
 Abra (82.1%)
 Marinduque (78.6%)
 Cebu (77.8%)
 Catanduanes (77.4%)
 Ifugao (77.3%)
BENGUET 2018 NOVEMBER
MT. PROVINCE 2018
NOVEMBER
 APPLICATION “TOUR

GUIDING”
LOCATION: BAGUIO, DIPLOMAT HOTEL
 BEFORE LANDSLIDE: TOUR GUIDE MUST BE KNOWLEDGEBLE
ABOUT THE PLACE AND THE POSSIBLE HAZARD.
 DURING LANDSLIDE: TOUR GUIDE SHOULD BE CALM AND
PERPOFORM THE DO’S IN TIMES OF LANDSLIDE.
 If Can’t escape, find a hard object to protect the head.
 If there’s a bridge Don’t cross. Call local official.
 AFTER LANDSLIDE: TOUR GUIDE AND EVERYONE SHOULD
CHECK THERE SELF AND ALSO THE AREA. CALL THE
PERSPECTIVE COMPANY LIKE, (MERALCO, MAYNILAD) TO
RESPOND IMMEDIATELY.
TSUNA
MI
BY: PEREZ, KATHRINA
 WHAT IS TSUNAMI?
Tsunami is an enormous series of sea waves that erupts and
reaches land caused by powerful, earthquake, volcanic
eruption and other disturbance.
Usually tsunami starts suddenly.
Tsunami waves can be very long (as much as 60 miles, or
100 kilometers) and be as far as one hour apart. They are
able to cross entire oceans without great loss of energy. 
 WHAT IS TSUNAMI?
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805
kilometers) an hour—about as fast as a jet airplane. At that
pace, they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean
in less than a day. And their long wavelengths mean they
lose very little energy along the way.
 WHAT CAUSES A TSUNAMI?
 Typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at 
tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a
plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the
water above it and launches the rolling waves that will
become a tsunami.
 Underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions.
 They may even be launched, as they frequently were in
Earth’s ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite
plunging into an ocean.
 Area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and
earthquakes common.
 TYPES OF TSUNAMI
 Local tsunamis can reach up 100km from the
source of the tsunami so in this case the travel
time for the tsunami is usually less than one
hour. 
 A regional tsunami is a tsunami that can cause
damage from 
100 km - 1,000km  from the source of the
tsunami and can take between 1-3 hours to
occur before destruction.
  Finally the distant tsunami or the tele-tsunami
and the ocean-wide tsunami travel in opposite
directions theses tsunamis can be as far as
1,000km away from the source of the tsunami
CHARACTERISTICS OF
TSUNAMI
 Wave height refers to the distance between the
trough of the wave and the crest or peak of the wave.
 Wave amplitude- refers to the height of the wave
above the still water line, usually this is equal to 1/2
the wave height.  Tsunamis can have variable wave
height and amplitude that depends on water depth as
we shall see in a moment
CHARACTERISTICS OF
TSUNAMI
 Wave height refers to the distance between the
trough of the wave and the crest or peak of the wave.
 Wave amplitude- refers to the height of the wave
above the still water line, usually this is equal to 1/2
the wave height.  Tsunamis can have variable wave
height and amplitude that depends on water depth as
we shall see in a moment
SIGNS OF AN APPROACHING
TSUNAMI
Often no advance warning of an
approaching tsumi.
An earthquake felt near a body of water
maybe considered an indication that a
tsunami will shortly follow.
ALEET LEVELS OF
TSUNAMI
WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING AND AFTER
TSUNAMI
APPLICATION
 Cruise Ship
 While the attendant telling safety demo to the passenger, the ship is
getting wavy and eventually became stonger wave. So, the passenger
quickly wear their life jacket to make themselve safe. The attendant tell
the passenger that they will find the nearest shore to get off the sea while
the wave is getting stronger and stronger and suspected that tsunami will
follow. The attendant tell her passengers where to go upon arrival the
shore. As they reach the shore the wave is being stronger and bigger as
before so averyone and roceed to their is running out of the sea to be safe
from tsunami and proceed to their evacuation routes. They watch TV News
to get updated what is happening and they knew that ther is an advisory
alert level of tsunami. After the tsunami they keep updated for some
possible aftershocks.