Module 1: Basic Concepts of Hazards

Objectives :
1. Define hazards;
2. Give examples of the types of hazards;
3. Explain the impact of various hazards
on different exposed elements
 A hazard is a potentially damaging physical
event, phenomenon, or human activity that may
cause the loss of life or injury, property damage,
social and economic disruption, or environmental
degradation
 Natural Hazards
Geophysical hazards. A geologic hazard is an
extreme natural event in the crust of the earth
that poses a threat to life and property.

Hydrometeorological hazards. These are

natural processes or phenomena of
atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic
nature, which may cause the loss of life or
injury, property damage, social and
economic disruption or environmental
degradation.
•Biological hazards - This involves
exposure to pathogenic microorganisms,
toxins and bioactive substances.

Man-made Hazards – are those disastrous

events caused by human negligence or
intentions

Technological hazards – These are damaging

human-induced events originating from
technological or industrial accidents, dangerous
procedures, or infrastructure failures.
 Man-made Hazards
Armed conflict - These are dangerous
conflicts between or among armed groups,
tribes or states, causing widespread fear and
destruction. Examples include terrorist
activities, rebel secession, and mass killings,
forcing many people to flee to safe places.

Everyday hazards and dangers most often

associated with children such as access to
items in the home that are labeled as
hazardous such as open electrical outlets,
small toys that may cause choking in small
children, and others
KEY POINTS:

 Impacts of hazards are not the same to all

elements in the same community;

 Some hazards do not necessarily bring

damage to people and property

It is the location of a community that

determines the likelihood for a hazard to bring
about harmful effects on lives and the
environment.