BLOCK DIAGRAM

REPRESENTATION
Development of a block diagram Where:
flow rate of pure
component A (the
manipulated variable)
inlet composition
(disturbance variable)

Figure 1. Composition control system for a stirred tank

reactor
Process
The approximate dynamic model of a stirred tank
blending system
Process

Figure 2. Block diagram of the blending process

 Where:
change in exit composition due to change in inlet composition
inlet composition (the disturbance)
change in the manipulated variable
denotes change in
Superposition Principle

■  
= +
 Composition Sensor-Transmitter
(Analyzer)
Dynamic behavior of the
composition sensor-
transmitter

Figure 3. Block Diagram for the

composition sensor-transmitter
(analyzer)
Controller
Proportional-Integral controller

 
Where
and laplace transform of
output and error signal.

Error
  signal
denotes the internal set-point composition
Error signal
Sensor-transmitter gain
Controller

Figure 4. Block Diagram for the controller

Current-to-Pressure (I/P)
transducer
■  
denotes the output signal from the I/P transducer

Figure 5. Block diagram for the I/P

transducer
Control Valve

Figure 6. Block diagram for the control valve

Figure 7. Block Diagram for the entire blending
process composition control system
Closed loop transfer function
Figure 8. Standard block diagram of a feedback
control system
Block Diagram Reduction

It is often convenient to combine several blocks into a single block. For

example, consider the three blocks in series in Fig. 10. The block diagram
indicates the following relations:

Figure 10. Three block in series

Figure 11. Equivalent block diagram

 Set point Changes
The closed-loop system behavior for set-point
changes is also referred to as the
servomechanism (servo) problem in the
control literature

Closed loop function

Disturbance changes
Also referred to as the regulator problem.
The closed loop transfer function for
disturbance changes:

Assuming that D and Ysp is

not equal to 0:
General Expression for feedback
control systems
This equation is only
applicable to portion of a
block diagram that include a For servo problem
feedback loop with a
negative sign in the
comparator.

For Regulator
problem
Example 1.

Find the closed-loop transfer function Y/Ysp for the complex control
system below.