WHAT IS INTERTEXTUALITY?

JULIA KRISTEVA
 -coined the term
"intertextuality" in 1966.
-explaining that there are two
relationships going on whenever we read
a text: there's the relationship between us
and the author (the horizontal axis) and
between the text and other texts (the
vertical axis).
JULIA KRISTEVA

“any text is the absorption

and transformation of
another”
INTERTEXTUALITY
 -is the ability to make references
between texts and by doing so have a
deeper understanding of the idea being
raised.
 -are an author's borrowing and
transformation of a prior text, and a
reader's referencing of one text in reading
another. 
INTERTEXTUALITY
- is not a literary or rhetorical device,
but rather a fact about literary texts –
the fact that they are all intimately
interconnected.
- Is when a text implicitly or explicitly
refers to another text, by using
distinctive, common or recognisable
elements of the referenced text.
INTERTEXTUALITY
- Implicit reference – is when the
composer alludes to another text
through ideas, symbols, genre or
style.
- Explicit reference – is when the
composer directly mentions, quotes
or references another text in their
work.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
1. ALLUSION
– A subtle or indirect reference to
another text, historical period or
religious belief.
- rely on the audiences
knowledge of other texts, places, or
times to develop meaning.
TYPES OF ALLUSION
1. Historical – an allusion to historical event
or period.

Example:
“He was a Nero.”
There’s a civil war going on in my family
regarding where to go on vacation.
millions of innocent lives were lost due to
the prejudice views of ruthless German
dictator.
TYPES OF ALLUSION
2. Biblical Allusion – a statement that refers to
the Bible without directly mentioning it.

Example:
He was a good samaritan yesterday he
helped the lady start her car.
It’s been raining so long that pretty soon
we’re going to need an arc.
TYPES OF ALLUSION
3. Literary Allusion
- a statement that indirectly refers to the
other well – known literary works.

Example:
Are you sure you did’nt eat the last cookie?
Your nose is growing.
I went to bed with my hair wet and I woke
up looking Medusa.
TYPES OF ALLUSION
4. Pop Culture Allusion
- is an association of a person, place, or
event within a specific community or culture.

Example:
She acts like that because haters gonna hate
hate hate hate hate.
Something weird is going on – my spidey
sense is tingling.
 PARODY
- An imitation of another text for
satirical purposes; usually to mock.

Example:
Charlie Chaplin impersonated Hitler in
the film The Great Dictator.
The British group Monty Python
parodied the tradition of King Arthur
stories in their movie Monty Python and the
Holy Grail.
 QUOTATION

- a direct reference to another text

with an acknowledgement of its
composer.
 APPROPRIATION
- A reworking or re-imagination of a
well – known text to change, or extend its
meaning.
- changing a preexisting image.
 ADAPTATION
- a film, TV drama, or stage play that is
based on a written work.
- may simply be defined as the
transformation of a work of art into
another form, medium or translocation
to another space. 
- we experience adaptations through
the memory of other works; they
resonate through the combination of
repetition and variation.
 HYPERTEXT
• hypertext is a relatively new
way of reading a text online.
• is a nonlinear way of showing
information.
• A software system that links
topics on the screen to related
information and graphics,
which are ty
 HYPERTEXT
• It direct links to related texts,
imagers or another data.
• It is also called hyperlink or
simply link.
 Hypermedia
• Hypermedia = hypertext +
multimedia
• Hypermedia integrate text,
images, video, graphics, sound
within a web page or node
• Allows embedding bitmapped
images (GIF, JPEG, PNG)