GLOBAL AND NATIONAL

CONTEXTS OF EDUCATION
GLOBAL CONTEXTS OF EDUCATION
 DIFFERENT

CONCEPTIONS/DEFINITIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Aprocess or set of processes
which embodies a transformation
in the spatial organization of
social relations and transactions,
expressed in transcontinental or
interregional flows and networks
of activity, interaction, and power.
(Held and McGrew, et.al, 1993)
 Processesof change which underpin a
transformation in the organization of
human affairs by linking together and
expanding human activity across
regions and continents. (Held,
McGrew, Goldblatt, Perraton, 1999)
 EVIDENCE/S OF GLOBALIZATION
 A. The evolution of global systems of
communication and transportation.
 B. The technological advancement of internet

and telecommunications
 C. The incorporation of local, regional, and

national economies into a worldwide national

economy.
 D. An increase in interaction between societies,

resulting in global culture, which exists along

with an array of distinctive local, national, and
regional cultures.
 E. The emergence of a world-wide
international system that is eroding the
traditional boundaries between domestic and
international politics.
 F. The increasing impact of human activity

upon the planet’s ecosystem, and the

increasing constraints on human activity
imposed by the limits of the system,
 G.An expanding global consciousness
that enhances/expands our awareness
of being members of the global
human species, with the world as our
community.
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON
EDUCATION

1. Economic
2. Political
3. Socio-cultural
ECONOMIC IMPACT
Increasing
commercialization/commodification
and the corporate of education
 Branding,globalization and learning
to be consumers
 Movement of higher education toward
supporting the nations’ wealth as
opposed to focusing on the liberal
education of undergraduates
 Changing role of education in terms of
preparing students for the world of
work
POLITICAL IMPACT

 Thethreat to the autonomy of national

educational systems by globalization.
 Reductionof state and government
support and subsidy to education
 Increaseand close partnership of
higher education with industry and
government-sponsored techno
science initiatives.
 De-localization
and changing
technologies and orientations in
education.
 More protection and regulation of
intellectual property rights.
 Certainloss of nation-state
sovereignty and weakening of the
notion of the “citizen” as a unified and
unifying concept
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT

 Creationof “tensions” (UNESCO-

Learning the Treasure Within)
 Between the individual and the
universal
 Between the local and the global
 Between tradition and modernity
 Between the infinity of information

and the limitation of human capacity

to assimilate knowledge
 Between short term and long term
considerations
 Between spiritual and material
REFORMS IN EDUCATION
 Universal literacy and universal access
to education
 Educational quality as a key

component of equity
 Education as lifelong education
 Education as a human right
 Education for peace, tolerance, and

democracy
 Eco-pedagogy, or how education can
contribute to sustainable ecological
development
 New technologies of information and

communication