Petroleum refining and

Petrochemicals

Role, Occurrence and Importance of crude oil

MADE BY:
1.Ahir Haren:160990105001
2.Baraiya Ankit:160990105002
3.Chaddarwala Kartik:160990105003
4.Chauhan Vipul:160990105004

Branch :- CE 8th
 Role of Crude Globally
• Crude oil is the vital source of energy and remain so for many decades to
come, even under the most optimistic assumption about the growth of
alternative energy sources.

• Most of the countries are significantly affected by development in the oil

market, either as producer, consumers, or both.

• Higher oil prices increases prices of other fuels such as gasoline, diesel,
natural gas etc.

• According to EIA, oil prices affect 96% of transportation which in turn,

creates higher food prices.
• It also impacts 43% of industrial products, 21% of residential and
commercial products and 3% of electricity.

• As a result, higher oil prices increase the cost of everything we buy,

resulting in inflation.

• India is the world’s third largest energy consumer globally.

• As of April 1, 2019, the oil refining capacity of India stood at 249.4

million tonnes, making it the second largest refiner in Asia.

• Demand for primary energy in India is expected to increase threefold by

2035 to 1,516 million tonnes of oil.
 Importance
• Globally, crude oil is one of the most important fuel sources and,
historically, has contributed to over a third of the world’s energy
consumption.

• Oil is especially important to businesses that heavily rely on fuel, such as

airlines, plastic producers, and agricultural businesses.

• Being such an important source of energy, crude is a major import and

export of numerous countries.

• The importance of this commodity creates a vast financial trading market

for oil and oil derivatives
• Crude oil is the base for lots of products. These include transportation fuels
such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. They also include fuel oils used for
heating and electricity generation.

• Crude oil also creates petroleum products, according to the U.S. Energy

Information Administration. When combined with other chemicals, oil is the
base for over 6,000 items.

• Petroleum byproducts make tar, asphalt, paraffin wax, and lubricating oils.
It is also used in chemicals, such as fertilizer, perfume, insecticides, soap,
and vitamin capsules.

• Oil is the base for plastics used in everything from heart valves to plastic
bags. It's used in carbon fiber in aircraft, PVC pipes, and cosmetics. For
example, it takes about 16 gallons of crude oil to produce a sofa.

• Around 40% of textiles contain some petroleum byproduct

 Occurence
• Crude is generally trapped deep below layers of earth and often floats on
salt water.

• It was formed several years ago from the plants and animals.

• It is believed that hydrocarbon formed by the thermal decomposition of

organic matter buried deep on earth over the millions of years under
extreme pressure and high temperature converted in to hydrocarbons
consisting of oil and gas.

• It is available in mainly three states: Solid, Liquid, Gas.

• It is believed that hydrocarbon formed by organic matter of marine
deposits.

• Under extreme high temperature and high pressure with selective bacterial
attack destroyed protein and carbohydrates and left over the fats which
accumulates as crude oil.

• There are mainly two theories of origin:

(1) Inorganic
(2) Organic

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