Natural Disaster

CYCLONES and THUNDERSTORMS

P.NAGARJUNA REDDY
 Summer
At low
Origin pressures,
the winds
The winds
rise and spill
heat beating
on the warm
The uplift of
this moist air
ocean
spiral in over in an in the centre Intense rain
(In southern clockwise
direction
outward
flow at high
evaporates
water
of a low
pressure
results
creating a
hemisphere) towards its
center
altitude
deep layer of
moist air
cools it
 ‘Central eye’ cyclones

• Virtually calm with clear sky

• Centre, or eye, is generally about 16-30 kms(10-100 kms)
• Around the eye, bands of heavy cloud, associated with moist air, spiral in
towards the centre of cyclone
• These clouds known as ‘eye wall’ may be 15 km high
• They bring in strongest winds and heaviest rainfall
 Cyclones

Low pressure cyclones Central eye cyclones

 Features of cyclone

• Exists for a few days to over three weeks

• May move forward, double backs and stay motionless or move in circles
• Move forward with 15-25 km/hr
• Release much condensation heat energy upto 420 megaton atomic bombs
• During passing of eye, wind lulls with clear sky. But its not the end
• Can produce Storm surges( tides). Water rise may be 2-5m higher than
normal sea level with 60-80 km across
 Cyclone characteristics

• Frequency
• Severity categories
• Effects
 Classification of cyclones
Cate Cyclone Damage Wind Beaufort
gory Type/ Winds gusts Scale
1 Tropical/Gales Negligible house damage and damage 90 - 125 8 and 9
to some crops, trees and caravans, km/h (Gales and
Craft may drag moorings strong gales)
2 Tropical/ Minor house damage. Significant 125 - 10 and 11
Destructive damage to signs, trees and caravans. 164 (Storm and
Heavy damage to some crops. Risk of km/h violent
power failure. Small craft may break storm).
moorings.
3 Severe Some roof and structural damage. 165 - 12
tropical/ Very Some caravans destroyed. Power 224 (Hurricane).
Destructive failures likely. km/h
4 Severe Significant roofing loss and structural 225 - 12
tropical/ Very damage. Many caravans destroyed and 279 (Hurricane).
Destructive blown away. Dangerous airborne km/h.
debris. Widespread power failures.
 List of Northern Indian Ocean tropical
cyclone names
Contributing nation
List
Bangladesh India Maldives Myanmar Oman Pakistan Sri Lanka Thailand
1 Onil Agni Hibaru Pyarr Baaz Fanoos Mala Mukda
2 Ogni Akash Gonu Yemyin Sidr Nargis Rashmi Khai-Muk
3 Nisha Bijli Aila Phyan Ward Laila Bandu Phet
4 Giri Jal Keila Thane Murjan Nilam Viyaru Phailin
5 Helen Lehar Madi Nanauk Hudhud Nilofar Ashobaa Komen
6 Chapala Megh Roanu Kyant Nada Vardah Maarutha Mora
7 Ockhi Sagar Mekunu Daye Luban Titli Gaja Phethai
8 Fani Vayu Hikaa Kyarr Maha Bulbul Pawan Amphan
 Recent cyclones in India
Name Dates active Peak classificatio Sustained Damage Deaths
n wind speeds (USD)
October 8 – Very severe 150 km/h
Titli 12,2018 cyclonic storm (90 mph) $920 million 85
November 10 – 19, Severe cyclonic 110 km/h
Gaja 2018 storm (70 mph) $775 million 63
November Very severe 155 km/h
Ockhi December 29–6 cyclonic storm (100 mph) $920 million 318

Vardah 6 – 18 Very severe 150 km/h $3.37 billion 47

December,2016 cyclonic storm (90 mph)
Hudhud October 7 – 14,2014 Extremely severe 185 km/h $3.4 billion 124
cyclonic storm (115 mph)
Phailin October 8 – Extremely Severe 215 km/h >$658 million 45
14,2014 Cyclonic Storm (130 mph)
Odissa October 25- Extremely severe 260km/h $4.44 billion 10,405
November 4 1999
 Before cyclone season
(for individuals)

• Know your area’s cyclone plan and how cyclone warning system works
• Check whether the house is in good condition, particularly the roof
• Trim tree branches clear of your house
• Clear property of loose items likely to cause damage in high winds
• In case of a storm surge warning, identify the nearest safe, high area in
advance
 Upon a cyclone warning
(for individuals)
• On receiving
• Listen to local radio or TV for further warnings
• Board or tape windows and store loose articles inside
• Check your emergency kit and put spare clothing and shoes in plastic bags

• Warning of Local evacuation

• Switch off electricity, gas etc and lock your house before leaving
• Don’t forget emergency kit. Follow instructions of emergency personnel
 When cyclone strikes
(for individuals)

• Stay inside and take shelter in strongest part of the house (bathroom or
cellar)
• Protect yourself with mattress, blankets and anchor yourself to a strong
fixture or get under a strong table
• Beware of calm eye. Remain indoors until passing off cyclone is confirmed
 After the cyclone
(for individuals)

• Don’t go outside until advised officially that the cyclone has passed
• Listen to your radio for further information and advice
• If you had to evacuate, don’t go home until advised
• Use recommended routes
• Beware of broken power lines damaged buildings, trees and flooded water
courses
 Actions to be taken care of
(District collector)

• Sufficient stock of food grains, kerosene and other dry food commodities for distribution to
victims.
• Medical and veterinary departments are fully equipped with requires drugs and vaccines for
precautionary measures and arrest of spread of epidemics
• All government vehicles are kept in road-worthy condition for putting them to use in emergency
• List of generators available with movie theatres and other SEBs and advance action to procure
them when necessity arises
• Opening of ‘cyclone stores’ in villages to distribute the relief material after cyclone
 Action points for cyclone relief
(Government officers)

• Communications facilities are likely to get disrupted. So make immediate arrangements for
satellite phones, mobile phones etc.
• Arrange for the hooks of type available with fire service department for cleaning debris
• Arrange rubber tyres and tubes for using as floats in water
• Necessary arrangements for homeless such as talpatris, tents, water, blankets, utensils etc.
• Provide kerosene lanterns
• Large cooking vessels for use in relief camps
• Identify slips to be issued to victims in relief camps
• Make copies of maps etc.
 Action points for cyclone relief
(Government officers) (contd..)
• Arrange for ropes, wires, chains, lights, with wire fittings, lead wires, torches, dry cell
batteries/torches – solar operated etc.
• Arrange for steel poles, bamboos, GC sheets and slotted stripes of metal for laying
down on road surface for better transportation
• Double handle shows, shovels, candles, land hailers, hose pipes first aid kits, cyclone
duty sign boards, rodes, asbestos sheets, torch lights, cans, empty oil drums, gunny
bags and sand bags, polythene bags, buckets, VHE sets with batteries for use
• Fodders, pumps for boiling out water along with hose spades, crowbars, hard gloves,
eucalyptus oil, naphthalene balls, bamboo mats, phenyl slate line etc. for burying
dead bodies
 Post cyclone measures by authorities

• Electricity board should clear the roads of fallen electric poles and restore
power supply as quickly as possible
• Convening of meetings of committees
• Rescue operations
• Removal of dead bodies and carcasses
• Health measures
• Restoration of traffic
 Homework

• What are hurricanes?

• What do you understand by tropical cyclones?
• How are cyclones named?
• Have you ever been struck in a cyclone? If so, submit a detailed experience