INTRODUCTIONS

Harikishan Perugu
Work Experience
Air Resources Engineer at California Air Resources Board May 2012 – Now
Transportation Planner/Engineer at OKI Regional Council June 2007 – May 2012
Highway Engineer at CES (India) July 2002 – Sep 2004
Education
Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering from University of Cincinnati 2013
Master of Science in Civil Engineering from University of Cincinnati 2007
Post Graduate Diploma in Construction Management from India 2002
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering from India 2001
Certifications
Professional Engineer (Traffic), California
Professional Transportation Planner
 SYLL ABUS

• Project based learning

• 10% for Attendance
• 20% for 4 Assignments
• 30% for the Course Project (Presentations and Report)
• Proposal
• Final
• 40% for 2 Exams (Mid-term and Final)
• Class schedule may slightly change depending upon
progress
URBAN TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS,
ENVIRONMENTAL, LAND USE AND
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
 PART I

• Concepts
• Urban population & travel characteristics
• Travel data collection methods/surveys
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
PROCESS
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

System extent of different transportation facilities ( highway, rail,

air, waterways, public transit ) provides basis for Transportation
Planning.
 F U N C T I O N A L C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F T RA N S P O RTAT I O N
SYSTEM

• Most important part of transportation system- highways

• Interstates, Expressways or Freeways
• Type of arterials with longest uninterrupted distances and
higher speeds
• Arterials
• Other forms of limited access roads as well as connections to
major urbanized areas
• Collectors;
• These roads link local streets to arterials and are generally
lower-speed facilities.
• Local Streets
• These primarily serve the adjacent land use with access to
higher-order roads
• Highway systems has been increasing for last 50 years

Source:
 CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONAL CLASSES

Distance
Usage
Functional Served Distance Number
Access Speed (AADT
Classificatio (and between Significance of Travel
Points Limit and
n Length of Routes Lanes
DVMT)
Route)

Arterial Longest Few Highest Longest Highest Statewide More

Collector Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium

Local Shortest Many Lowest Shortest Lowest Local Few

Highway functional class directly impacts transportation

planning as each functional class different purpose and
performance measure
 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

  Traffic Mobility Accessibility

Transit Performance (some
Person and goods Ability to obtain goods,
Definition Vehicle traveled
movement services and activities examples)
• Service Effectiveness and
Person-miles and ton-
Units of Measure Vehicle miles
miles
Trips, generalized costs Efficiency
Automobile, truck, • System accessibility
Automobile, truck and • Bus Stop Inventory and
Modes Considered Automobile and truck
transit
transit,cycling and
walking Design
Vehicle traffic volumes Person travel volumes Quality of available • Park-and-Ride
and speeds, roadway and speeds, road and transportation choices, • Paratransit
Common Indicators level of service, cost per transit level of service, distribution of • Fare Equity
vehicle mile, parking cost per person-mile, destinations, cost per
convenience travel convenience trip
Maximum personal Maximum transport
Maximum motor vehicle
Assumptions travel and speed
travel and goods choice and cost
movement efficiency
Treats land use as in Recognizes that land Recognizes that land use
Consideration of
input, unaffected by use can affect travel has major impacts on
Land Use transportation decisions choices transportation

Lately, Safety and Environmental Impact are also considered as

Performance Indicators
 URBAN POPUL ATION CHARACTERISTICS

• Population Characteristics
• Population growth – including age based distribution
• Household characteristics & vehicle ownership – income levels, number of people
• Distribution of spatial growth – sub-urban, rural and urban areas

• Reliable data is available US Census Bureau – PUMS (Public Use

Microdata Sample)
 T RAV E L C H A RAC T E R I ST I C S

• Travel Purpose
• Work/School
• Shopping
• Recreational
• Other
• Travel Patterns
• How many trips in day home-to-work, home-to-
other and non-home based
• Temporal Patterns
• How do travel pattern is distributed during the
day
• Modal Usage
• What kind of travel mode people use
 T E R M I N O LO GY U S E D I N T RAV E L C H A RA C T E R I S T I C S D ATA

• ADT- Average Daily Traffic: if data is collected less than year

• AADT- Average Annual Daily Traffic: if data is collected for through out
the year

• AAWT- Average Annual Weekday Traffic: daily traffic adjusted only for
weekdays

• Hourly Traffic: traffic volume during an hour

• Short-term counts: traffic counts collected for less than a week

• Vehicle Classification
• VMT-Vehicle Miles Traveled: traffic volume multiplied by distance

• Average vehicle occupancy: number of persons in a vehicle

• Traffic density: vehicles per lane per mile

• Lane capacity: number vehicles that can be accommodated in a lane per mile
 DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PL ANNING

• Traffic counts – Traffic volumes

• Studies to determine travel characteristics – travel time,
mobility, accessibility, congestion, transportation demand etc.
• Modal studies – travel characteristics data for different modes
 TRAFFIC COUNT TECHNIQUES

• Automatic Traffic Recorder

• Weigh-In-Motion
• Video-based counters
• Pneumatic tube counters
• Coverage Counts
Source: http
• Screen line & Cordon line Source: https://metrocount.com/products/
://www.loadcell.cn/weigh-in-motion-system.htm

Counts

Source: https://kotaielectronics.com/vehicle-counter-classifier/ Source:https Source: City of Redmond Public works

 TRAVEL STUDIES

• To identify and understand the transportation problems, we use travel

studies
• Travel time studies
• congestion, accessibility, mobility, point-to-point travel time etc.
• Travel surveys
• External Surveys – road side interviews, license plate, vehicle intercept etc.
• Internal Surveys – Household surveys, Transit surveys, work place studies

• Parking Needs Surveys

• Parking space inventory, parking occupancy, duration & turnover and parker
characteristics

Source: ITE Transportation Planning Handbook

 MODAL STUDIES

• In addition highway data, we need traffic data for different modes of

traffic
• Transit Studies
• Transit inventories
• Ridership
• Service Coverage

• Pedestrian Studies
• Flow rates and capacities
• Walking Speeds
• Door counts

• Goods Movement Studies

• Intercept survey
• Interviews
• Truck weight data collection
• License plate surveys
• GPS-based surveys
 S A M P L E T RAV E L S U RV E Y P R O C E S S

Source:https://wfrc.org/MapsData/UtahTravelStudy
/UtahTravelStudy_FinalReport_130228.pdf
S A M P L E T RAV E L S U RV E Y F O R M
 PART II

• Regional planning considerations

• Urban form & Urban design considerations
• Environmental considerations
• Land use planning considerations
• Land use & Economic impacts
 REGIONAL PL ANNING CONSIDERATIONS

• Comprehensive Plans – Created by local governments and communities

• Zoning – Local governments' zoning and land use ordinances

• Parking – Local government’s minimum requirements for min parking spaces.

• Growth Plan – Planning new development that serves the economy, the
community, and the environment

• Transit Oriented Development – compact, mixed-use, pedestrian-

friendly developments treating the transit facility as the centerpiece

• Subdivision Regulations – Each sub division or new housing

development has their own set of regulations
 URBAN FORM & URBAN DESIGN

Urban Form
• The cumulative effect of these individual development decisions over time results in a spatial
development pattern referred to as urban form.
• Transportation planning should take care of existing urban form , it should not disturb existing one.

Urban Design
• Concerned with the physical characteristics of the city and the implications of design and planning
decisions for the public realm of the city
 L AND USE PL ANNING

• Population & Employment Forecasting

• Ratio method
• Gradual increase
• Economic growth based

• Relationship between land use & demand for

travel
• Distribution of employment & population
• Different types of land-use models & economic data
analysis and local development expertise to forecast
future land-use patterns.
 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Sustainability:
• Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.

Environmental considerations at
system level
• Air Quality
• Storm water
• Energy & Climate
• Materials Recycling
• Eco-systems & Wild life
 L AND USE & ECONOMIC IMPACT
CONSIDERATIONS

• Land use impact analysis : regional, sub area or corridor

• Consistency with plans & zoning : with existing transportation

plans

• Impacts on local taxes

• Impacts transportation system
• Economic impacts : jobs & new businesses

• Social & Community impacts

• Natural resources impacts
• Construction impacts
 WHAT WE LEARNT TODAY

• Important Components of Transportation System

• Highway Functional classes and connection with travel
characteristics
• Population & Travel characteristics
• Studies to collect travel characteristics
• Sample survey process
• Different considerations in transportation planning
process