UNIT 10: Conservation

Reading

Forest, destroy, eliminate, destruction,

damage to the environment

Vocabulary Constant supply of water, hydroelectric

dam, circulation of water, rapid run-off

Nature’s defense, disappearance,

extinction, vegetation, erosion
UNIT 10: Conservation
Speaking
Sensitive, endangered species, to be imprisoned against
their will

Breed, reintroduce, develop, reconstruct

Vocabulary
Gorilla, policy, zoo keeper

Suffer from diseases,

UNIT 10: Conservation
Listening
Forest fire, campfire, heap of leaves,
wood, forester

Vocabulary Catch fire, spread fire

Valuable, awful, unpleasant

UNIT 10: Conservation
Writing Let’s + V

Why don’t you + V

Would you like + to V

Invitation Do you feel like + V-ing

Can you + V

How about + V-ing

Shall we + V
UNIT 10: Conservation
Pronunciation

/b/ /p/
• Voiced • Voiceless
• Only “b” is • Only “p” is
pronounced /b/ pronounced /p/
• Baby, ball, • Pen, spell,
humble, appear, camp
bubble, rub
UNIT 10: Conservation
Pronunciation
Silent “b” Silent “p”
• “mb”: at the end • “ps”, “pn” at the
of a word: comb, beginning of a
bomb, thumb, word: psychology,
climb pneumatic,
• “bt”: at the end of pseudonym,
a stem word (debt, • “pt” At the end of a
doubt, doubtful) word: receipt
• “bt” in the middle
of a word (subtle)
UNIT 10: Conservation
Grammar – Passive voice

Active voice Passive voice

●
S(agent) + V + O(patient) ●
S(patient) + (be) + V(P2) +
by(agent)
●
Focus on the person ●
Focus on the person or
or thing that takes thing that undergoes the
action (agent) action (patient)
UNIT 10: Conservation
Grammar – Passive voice

Transitive verb Intransitive verb

●
expresses that someone or something ●
expresses that someone or something
takes action to do something takes action to do something—by itself
●
The verb requires an object noun as its ●
The verb does not accept an object
complement.
(noun) as its complement.
●
The object is the person/thing affected by
the action.
●
A passive structure cannot be formed.
●
The audience enjoyed the jokes  The
●
The audience laughed at the jokes 
jokes were enjoyed by the audience The jokes were laughed
List of intransitive verbs

agree appear arrive become

belong collapse consist cost
cough¹ cry¹ depend die
disappear emerge exist fall
go happen³ have¹ hiccup / hic-cough
inquire knock (sound) laugh lie (recline or tell untruth)
live look last (endure) occur
remain respond result revolt¹
rise sit sleep smile¹
sneeze stand stay swim
vanish vomit¹ wake² wait