Purposive Communication

Prelim
What is Language?

Together with the creation of human life is the creation of a

wonderful and dynamic human capacity – language.

Animals may communicate, but only human beings are truly capable
of producing language.
What is Language?

Linguist agree that a language can only be called a language if it has

system of rules – grammar, a sound system – phonology, and a vocabulary
– lexicon. These are the requirements for identifying a means of
communication as language.

Unlike animals, human beings are able to communicate their desire to share
food through several ways that are understandable to other human beings.
What is Language?

When people use language, they can understand each other

because they belong to the same speech community. They can
understand each other because in their speech community, they share
the same set of rules in the language system. While growing up, people
acquire the languages used by those in the community. This is the
process of language acquisition.
What is Language?

The language acquired while growing up are known as mother

tongues, which may also be referred to as first languages. People
discover later on that other languages are needed for various reasons.
These other languages may be referred to as second languages. People
learn these languages by studying formally in school or informally on
their own. This is the process of language learning.
What is Language?

Language is indeed a complex human capacity. It is, therefore,

important to be aware of its features and behavior to be able to use
language more effectively and productively in communicating with
others.
Purposive Communication

Question: Give 3 things that you do in order for you to be understood

when communicating.
Purposive Communication

Activity: For a single group with 10 members, fall in line and wait for
further instructions.
What is Communication?

Depending on what is being considered, communication as a term

takes on different contexts resulting in people having different views on
communication types. Since communication is generally defined as the
exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among
two or more people, various contexts come into play.
Communication Context

Context is a circumstance or environment in which communication

takes place. Such circumstance may include the physical/actual
setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or
appropriateness of a message conveyed. It focuses on certain
communication processes and even groupings of people that constitute
a communication situation.
Types of Context

The physical context refers to the concrete environment.  It can be a

sporting event, place of worship, or restaurant.  Each atmosphere has
its own set of rules for how to communicate.

(i.e. you would not talk in the same manner at a basketball game as you
would at a church). 
Types of Context

The cultural context refers to the values, beliefs, lifestyles, and

behaviors of a group of people.  Such instances will influence whether
something is considered right or wrong by the people involved.  For
example, an American may be put off by a French speaker invading his/her
space.  This difficultly arises from the very different American and French
cultures in terms of proxemics, for Americans tend to be less comfortable
when they are not given personal space.  
Types of Context

The social-psychological context involves the norms of the group in

a particular situation, including the intimacy level among speakers and
the formality of the exchange.  Again, there are certain rules set
regarding how to communicate, for a conversation held between
boyfriend and girlfriend would not be handled in the same manner as a
conversation between boss and worker.  
Activity – Problem with the context
Form 3 groups and create a short skit (3 minutes long) that will
portray communication failure because of misunderstanding of the
context.
Communication Modes

Verbal – Non – Verbal Communication

Effective communication calls for the blending of these two types.

One cannot be separated from the other. For instance, door – to – door
salespersons who demonstrate product can only be effective if they
know how to properly punctuate what they say with proper gestures
and facial expressions.
Communication Modes

Visual Communication

Visual Communication is the type of communication that uses

visuals to convey information and/or messages. Some examples are
signs, symbols, imagery, maps, and other various forms of electronic
communication. How these symbols are interpreted is very crucial in
visual communication.
Communication Modes

Visual Communication

There are some instances when visual communication is classified

under non – verbal communication. It is important that the receiver of
the message is able to decode the meaning correctly by
contextualizing the information needed.
Take care.
Take care.
I’m happy for you.
I’m happy for you.
Communication Models

A model seeks to show the main elements of any structure or

process and relationship between these elements.

It helps in explaining by providing in a simplified way information

which would otherwise be complicated or ambiguous.
Communication Models
Aristotle’s Model of Communication
• Earliest model of communication (5 B.C)
• Suggests that speakers should adjust
their messages according to their
audience and the occasion to achieve a
particular effect.
• Components should be considered
when communicating one’s message.
Communication Models
Shannon – Weaver’s Model
• Also called the telephone model
• This model can tell us how the message
may sometimes get lost because of the
noise, which can be physical or
psychological.
• Feedback is an essential component of
communication to ensure that the
message is successfully received.
Communication Models
• Encoding and decoding processes both

Osgood – Schramm’s Model go through a filter of the interpreter,

therefore, the message may succeed or
fail.
• It can happen within our self or two
people; each person acts as both sender
and receiver and hence use
interpretation. It is simultaneously take
place e.g. encoding, interpret and
decoding.
Communication Models
• Field of experience incorporates what is

Osgood – Schramm’s Model mutually understood between the

sender and receiver. 
Communication Models
• Oral communication is a continuous

White’s Stages of Oral Communication process with no real beginning or end.

• Most important contribution of white’s
model is the concept of feedback.