FRICTIONLESS ELECTROMAGNETIC

BRAKING SYSTEM

BY:
AMAR KUMAR
AJIT KUMAR
AKSHAT RAJ
Contents….
Introduction
Working Principle
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic brakes operate electrically, but transmit
torque mechanically. This is why they used to be referred to
as electro-mechanical brakes.
Electromagnetic brakes work in a relatively cool condition
and satisfy all the energy requirements of braking at high
speeds, completely without the use of friction
INTRODUCTION(cont..)
All of the torque comes from the magnetic attraction
and coefficient of friction between the steel of the
armature and the steel of the brake field.
Braking action is made by varying the strength of the
magnetic field.
 if the brake was required to have an extended
time to stop or slip time, a low coefficient material
can be used. Conversely, if the brake was required
to have a slightly higher torque (mostly for low
RPM applications), a high coefficient friction
material could be used.
A electromagnetic brake
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working principle of the electric retarder is based
on the creation of eddy currents within a metal disc
rotating between two electromagnets.
This sets up a force opposing the rotation of the disc.
 If the electromagnet is not energized, the rotation of
the disc is free and accelerates uniformly under the
action of the weight to which its shaft is connected.
 When the electromagnet is energized, the rotation of
the disc is retarded and the energy absorbed appears
as heating of the disc.
 If the current exciting the electromagnet is varied by a
rheostat, the braking torque varies in direct
proportion to the value of the current.
A typical retarder consists of stator and rotor. The
stator holds 16 induction coils, energized separately in
groups of four.
The rotor is made up of two discs, which provide the
braking force when subject to the electromagnetic
influence when the coils are excited.
Energization
The energization of the retarder is operated by a hand
control mounted on the steering column of the
vehicle.
This control has five positions: the first is “off”, and the
four remaining positions increase the braking power in
sequence.
This hand-control system can be replaced by an
automatic type that can operate mechanically through
the brake pedal.
Thermal Dynamics
Thermal stability of the electromagnetic brakes is
achieved by means of the convection and radiation of
the heat energy at high temperature.
The value of the energy dissipated by the fan can be
calculated by the following expression:
The electromagnetic brakes has excellent heat
dissipation efficiency owing to the high temperature of
the surface of the disc which is being cooled
and also because the flow of air through the
centrifugal fan is very rapid.
Therefore, the curie temperature of the disc material
could never been reached
 Advantages. . .

 It uses electromagnetic force and not mechanical friction

 Fully resettable

 Can be activated at will via electrical signal

 Low maintenance

 Operates at any rotational speed

 Light weight
Disadvantages. . .
Braking force diminishes as speed diminishes with no
ability to hold the load in position at standstill.

That could be considered to be a safety issue, but it

really means that friction braking may need to be used
as well.

These brakes can only be used where the

infrastructure has been modified to accept them.
APPLICATIONS
It is used as a stopping mechanism in trains.

It is also used in the smooth breaking and functioning

of roller coasters and such fast moving machines.
Summary
With all the advantages of electromagnetic brakes over
friction brakes, they have been widely used on heavy
vehicles where the ‘brake fading’ problem is serious. The
same concept is being developed for application on
lighter vehicles.
THANK YOU