Quarks &

Leptons
SC 8 – Ms. Lim
Reference

• WB pg. 89
Smaller than subatomic particles

• Protons and neutrons are made up of elementary particles called

quarks. Because they are  made up of more than 1 elementary
particle, protons and neutrons are called composite particles. 
• Electrons themselves are an elementary particle. They are not made
of anything smaller. Electrons belong to a group of elementary
particles called leptons. 
Quarks – collect all 6 flavours
 • Protons and neutrons are made up of up/down quarks.
Protons and • They are held together by another elementary particle called
Neutrons "gluons". They are represented by the squiggle line in the diagram. 
• Pictured: Proton on the left (U-U-D), Neutron on the right (U-D-D)
Leptons

• There are also 6 types of leptons

Remember.. 

• Atoms are really, really, really small

• Most of its weight comes from the nucleus
• We consider protons and neutrons to each have a relative mass of "1
atomic mass unit" or "1 amu" 
• We consider the mass of the electrons to be negligible 
• If electrons weighed "1 unit", then relative to that unit, a proton or a
neutron would weigh "1836 units."
If like charges
repel one
another.. How
does a nucleus
stay together?
The Strong Nuclear Force
or just "Strong Force" 

Strong force is greater

than the repulsive force of
the protons that are close
together
Homework

• Pg 93-97
• No meeting Monday since it's a holiday! Happy Victoria Day
everyone.
• Chemistry wrap-up quiz on Wednesday May 20, 10 am.
• Let's review!