Machine Design & CAD-II

Text Book Reference Books

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering 1. Design of Machine Elements
Design 9th Edition by
by M. F. Spotts
Richard G. Budynnas 2. Machine Design, An integrated
J. Keith Nisbett approach
by
R. L. Norton
   
INSTRUCTOR Engr. Muhammad Ibrahim

Credit Hours 02
 
TIME TABLE
  Day: Time:
Section A    
Tuesday 02:00PM … 03:00PM LR-4

Thursday 11:30AM … 12:30PM LR-5

Section B    
Tuesday 01:00PM … 02:00PM LR-4

Thursday 12:30PM … 01:30PM LR-5

S. No. CLO/PLOS MAPPING DOMAIN PLO

To know the different criteria of design to solve the

1 C3 01
problems of machine elements like gears,
bearings, shafts, belts and chains

2 Analyze the behavior of machine element like C4 02

gears, bearings, shafts, belts and chains

3 Ability to evaluate a design problems related to C6 04

transmission.
 Course contents
 Kinematics, force analysis and design of spur, helical,
bevel & worm gears.

 Design of rolling contact bearings, hydrodynamic theory

of lubrication, journal bearings.

 Design of mechanical springs, design of belts, ropes and

chains, design of shafts.

 Introduction to experimental stress analysis.

 Introduction to Finite Element Analysis.

Machine Design & CAD-II
By M. Ibrahim

Lecture # 01- Gears……

Types of gears
A toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order
to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion
What is Gear?
 Gears are mechanisms that mesh together via teeth and are
used to transmit rotary motion from one shaft to another.
 Gears are used in groups of two or more. A group of gears is
called a gear train.
 An example of a gear train is shown below.

Single gear                                     Gear train

Drive and Driven Gears

Larger Gear is often called Gear and Smaller one of two mating gears Called
Pinion
The output is transmitted by the driven gear. The driver gear rotates the
driven gear without slipping.
The pinion can be the driver gear. It depends on the exact function the
designer wishes the mechanism to fulfill. When two spur gears are
meshed the gears rotate in opposite directions, as shown in the figure
above.
 Gear Types

 Spur Gears
 Helical Gears
 Straight bevel gears
 Spiral Bevel Gears
 Hypoid Bevel Gears
 Worm Gears
 Spur Gears

 Their teeth are parallel to

the axis of rotation
 Used to transmit power
from one shaft to
another parallel
 Simplest gear type
 Generates radial
loads only on shaft
 Helical Gears
 Helical gears are used for transmitting
power between two parallel shafts.
 They have teeth inclined
to the axis.
 Hence, for same width,
their teeth are longer
than spur gears and
have higher load
carrying capacity.
 Helical Gears Cont…

 Their contact ratio is higher than spur

gears and they operate smoother and
quieter than spur gears.
 Due to their angular cut, teeth meshing
results in thrust loads along the gear shaft.
this action requires thrust bearings to
absorb the thrust load and maintain gear
alignment.
 Straight bevel gears
 The pitch surface
is a cone
 Straight bevel gears
are used for
transmitting
power between
intersecting
shafts
 Straight bevel gears Cont.

 They are suitable for 1:1 and higher

velocity ratios.
 They can be used for right-angle or any
angular drive.
 Spiral Bevel Gears

 A spiral bevel gear is a bevel gear with

helical teeth.
 The main application of
this is in a vehicle differential,
where the direction of drive
from the drive shaft
must be turned 90-degree
to the wheels
 Spiral Bevel Gears Cont.

 The helical design produces less vibration

and noise than conventional straight-cut or
spur-cut gear with straight teeth.
 They operate smoother than straight bevel
gears and have higher load capacity.

Watch it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Em1zQToa_a8
 Hypoid Bevel Gears

 The pitch surface is hyperbolic and not

conical
 Hypoid gears are quite similar to spiral
bevel gears except that shafts are offset
and nonintersecting.
 Worm Gears
 They are used in right-angle drives.
 Worm gears are used when large gear
reductions/Gear ratio are needed.
 Worm Gears

 They need good lubrication for heat

dissipation and for improving the
efficiency.
 The worm is like a screw. 1-start worm
means that there is only one tooth.
worm tooth surface is helicoids.