GROUP I CATIONS

BY:
EDANG, ANDREA ANCA
DIANA, EMMANUEL
MAPA, JOYCE
RAGRAGIO, MILLAINE JOY
 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM - GROUP 1
Stock Solution

1. Place 10 drops of solution to be

analyzed in a 10-mL test tube and add 4
drops of 3F HCL.
2. Mix thoroughly and centrifuge.
3. Test for completeness by adding another
drop of 3F HCL to the supernatant liquid.

Supernatant Liquid

Centrifuge

• Wash with 10 drops of

cold water containing 1
Remove centrifugate with a drop of 3F HCL.
dropping tube. • Discard wash water.

Centrifugate White Precipitate

• Add 6-7 drops of water and
*This centrifugate is saved for analysis of heat, with stirring for 3-mins
Groups II-V. in water bath.
• Centrifuge quickly.

Immediately remove centrifugate

while keeping the mixture hot in
steam bath.

Residue Centrifugate
 Residue

Treat with 10 drops of 3F Add 4

ammonia, stir thoroughly
and centrifuge. drops of
1F
K2CrO4.

Residue
Centrifugate LEAD ION
• Wash with May contain : Ag(NH3)2
10 drops
of water
and
discard
washings.
• Dissolve in
2 drops of
Concentrat
ed HNO3
• Dilute with
5 drops of If solution is not clear.
water. Centrifuge and retain the
centrifugate. Add 1-3 drops of
SnCl2 solution.
PROPERTIES
OF GROUP 1
CATIONS
 Silver

• Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the

Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European
h₂erǵ: "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.
• Silver Ion is a monovalent inorganic cation, a
monoatomic monocation and an elemental silver.
• Physical Phase: Solid
• Melting Point: 960.5 C
• Boiling Point: 2210 C
• Molecular Weight: 107.868 g/mol.
• Monoisotopic Mass: 106.905 g/mol.
• El.Con. : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10
Physical Properties of Silver
• Color - White
• Luster - Lustrous shine and is capable
of a high degree of polish
• Ductility - It can be beaten into
extremely thin sheets
• Malleability - Capable of being
shaped or bent
• Conductivity - Excellent electrical and
heat conductor. It has the highest
electrical and thermal conductivity of
any metal
• Solubility - Solubility (ability to be
dissolved)
• Hardness - A relatively soft metal
• Density - It is a dense metal
Chemical Properties of Silver
• Chemical Formula - Ag
• Reactivity - Silver does not react
with O2, N2, or H2 at normal
temperatures
• Oxidation - A thin film on the
surface of silver as a result of
oxygen absorption that increases
with temperature and pressure
• Compounds - Silver forms complex
compounds, most of which are
soluble in water
• Cyanidation - The extraction from
ores requires cyanidation—the
dissolution of silver in an alkaline
solution of sodium cyanide with an
inlet for air
 Hazards
• Silver compounds can be slowly absorbed by body tissues, w
ith the consequent bluish or blackish skin pigmentation (argir
ia).
• Eye contact: may cause severe corneal injury if liquid comes
in contact with the eyes.
• Skin contact: may cause skin irritation. Repeated and prolon
ged contact with skin may cause allergic dermatitis.
• Inhalation hazards: exposure to high concentrations of vapo
rs may cause dizziness, breathing difficulty, headaches or res
piratory irritation. Extremely high concentrations may cause d
rowsiness, staggering, confusion, unconsciousness, coma or d
eath.
• Liquid or vapor may be irritating to skin, eyes, throat, or lun
gs. Intentional misuse by deliberately concentrating and inhal
ing the contents of this product can be harmful or fatal.
• Ingestion hazards: moderately toxic. May cause stomach dis
comfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and narcosis. Aspiration
of material into lungs if swallowed or if vomiting occurs can
cause chemical pneumonitis which can be fatal.
• Silver chloride serves as the light-sensitive
material in photographic printing papers an
d, together with silver bromide, in certain fil
ms and plates.
• Silver iodide is also used in the manufacture
of photographic papers and films, as well as
in cloud seeding for artificial rainmaking an
d in some antiseptics.
• Silver nitrate is also the starting material for
the production of the silver cyanide used in
silver plating.
• Alloys of silver with copper are harder, toug
her, and more fusible than pure silver and a
re used for jewelry and coinage.
• major use of silver has been monetary, in th
e form of reserves of silver bullion and in co
ins.
• Silver Ion is a good anti-microbial, antifunga
l and anti-viruses.
• It is also used as a catalyst due to its high o
xidation
• In Electrical industry: printed circuits are ma
de using silver paints, and computer keyboa
rds use silver electrical contacts.
 Mercury
• Mercury is a chemical element with
symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known
as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum 
Physical Properties

• Silvery, heavy, mobile, liquid phase

• Only liquid metal at room temp.
• Odorless
• Melting Point: -38.83oC
• Boiling Point: 356.73oC
• Density: 13.55g.cm-3
• Low melting point due to unique
electron configuration
• High surface tension
• Poor conductor of heat
• Good conductor of electricity
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Insoluble in water
• Does not react with oxygen in air very steadily
• When heated, reacts with oxygen in air to form
mercury oxide
• At high temp., Hg vaporizes to form highly toxic fumes
• Extremely toxic and rarely found free in nature
• Often found as mineral cinnabar, HgS
• Cinnabar heated in air -> Hg vapor is distilled & cooled
to form liquid Hg
 Mercury Hazards

All forms of mercury are toxic.

Mercury is volatile and can be inhaled as a
vapor.
Mercury is also absorbed through the skin.
Health effects include nervous system
impairment and kidney damage.
Liquid mercury breaks up into small droplets
that can scatter.
See the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for
further health hazard information.
Dartmouth mercury poisoning incident:
 Applications

•Thermometers
•Barometers
•Electrical switches
•Mercury vapor lamps
•Fluorescent lamps
•Paints
•Fungicides/insecticides/antiseptics
•Dental amalgams
•Battery manufacturing