GOLLIS University

Faculty of ICT

Course: Artificial Intelligent AI

Ch.1: Overview of AI

Lecturer: Omar Ibrahim

 Introduction
• Artificial intelligence was coming into
existence1956. It has rapid progress in more
than 50 years.
• AI sense machines will improve human
abilities in numerous zones. As It is claimed
that artificial intelligence is apply very widely
in the research of computer science and
operational research areas.
• In the near Future intelligent machines will
replace human capabilities in many areas. John
McCarthy coined the term in 1956 as branch of
computer science concerned with making
computers behave like humans.
• Artificial intelligence has the sequence of arena
as, Intelligence = perceive + Analyses + React, is
different from psychology because of its
significance on computation and is different from
computer science because of its significance on
perception, reasoning and action. It makes
machines smarter and more useful
 Cont..
• Artificial Intelligence will define the next
generation of software solutions
• The science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs”. -John McCarthy-
 What is Artificial Intelligence?
• Intelligence:
 The capacity to learn and solve problems
 The ability to solve novel problems
 The ability to act rationally
 The ability to act like humans
 It is the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer
programs. It is related to the similar task of using
computers to understand human intelligence
 Cont…
• Ability to interact with the real world
 To perceive, understand, and act
 e.g. speech recognition and understanding
and synthesis
 e.g., image understanding
 e.g., ability to take actions, have an effect
 Some definitions
• The study of how to make computers do things
at which, at the moment, people are better.
(Rich & Knight, 1991 )
• A field of study that seeks to explain and
emulate intelligent behavior in terms of
computational processes.(Schalkoff, 1990 )
• The exciting new effort to make computers
think … machines with minds.(Haugeland, 1985)
 Cont..
• The aim of AI is to improve computer
functions which are related to human
knowledge, for example, reasoning, learning,
and problem-solving.
• The objectives of AI research are reasoning,
knowledge representation, planning, learning,
natural language processing, realization and
etc
 The Origins of Artificial Intelligent
• Since the beginning, Philosophy, Mathematics,
Psychology, Linguistics, and Computer Science
have all
▪ Asked similar questions
▪ developed methods and produced results for AI
• The origins of AI (1943-1956): With the
development of the first computing systems,
people began to wonder, “Can computers copy
the human mind?
 Cont…
• 1956: Dartmouth Workshop –McCarthy
proposes the term, “Artificial Intelligence”
 Applications of AI
• Gaming − AI plays important role for machine
to think of large number of possible positions
based on deep knowledge in strategic games.
for example, chess, river crossing, N-queens
problems and etc.
• Natural Language Processing − Interact with
the computer that understands natural
language spoken by humans
 Cont..
• Expert Systems − Machine or software
provide explanation and advice to the users.
• Speech Recognition − There are some AI
based speech recognition systems have ability
to hear and express as sentences and
understand their meanings while a person
talks to it. For example Siri and Google
assistant
 Cont…
• Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting
recognition software reads the text written on
paper and recognize the shapes of the letters
and convert it into editable text.
• Intelligent Robots − Robots are able to
perform the instructions given by a human.
 Major Goals of AI
• Knowledge reasoning
• • Planning
• • Machine Learning
• • Natural Language Processing
• • Computer Vision
• • Robotics
 THE END
THANK YOU