1

SHOCK TOOLS

2
 Why Use a Shock Tool?

Effectively absorbs vibrations with

any combination of:

•• WEIGHT
WEIGHT ON ON BIT,
BIT,
•• BIT
BIT PRESSURE
PRESSURE DROP
DROP
•• MUD
MUD WEIGHT
WEIGHT
•• HOLE
HOLE DEPTH.
DEPTH.

can
can reduce
reduce cost
cost per
per foot
foot drilled
drilled by:
by:
••increasing
increasingbit
bitlife
life
••reducing
reducingbit
bittrips
trips
••allowing
allowingoptimum
optimumrotary
rotaryspeed
speed
••increasing
increasingrate
rateofofpenetration
penetration
••reducing
reducingvibration
vibrationinduced
induceddrill
drillstring
string
failures
failures

No Shock Shock

3
 Common Spring Elements and
Limitations
VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER SPRING
- rubber not compressible, excessively stiff
- limited temperature range (max 200 deg F)
- costly and difficult to repair
- affected by hydrostatic pressures

POLYURETHANE SPRING
- high, non-linear spring rate
- poor memory
- limited temperature range

NITROGEN GAS SPRING

- gas difficult to seal
- affected by hydrostatic pressure
- must be pre-charged for different depths

COMPRESSIBLE FLUID SPRING

- affected by hydrostatic and pump pressures
- high fluid pressures, difficult to seal
- affected by temperature

RING TYPE SPRING ELEMENTS

- very high hysteresis
- affected by pump pressures
- intended for single impact absorption only,
not for continuous vibration dampening
4
 Belleville Disk Springs

100,000

80,000

60,000

Load (lbs) 40,000

20,000

0 1 2 3
Deflection (in) 5
 4 3/4” to 10” Shock Tool
Splined Mandrel Fully
Fully sealed
sealed and
and oil
oil
large diameter for max. bath
bath lubricated
lubricated to
to
stiffness and reduced prevent
prevent wear
wear
bending stress

Splined Section
heavy duty spline transmits
Guide Bushings
torque and allows free axial
for maximum lateral support
movement.
to prevent deflection
Lock Ring
provides positive stop during
jarring. Impact forces not Relatively
Relatively short
short for
for
applied through internal easy
threads easy transportation
transportation
and
and handling
handling
Belleville Disk Springs
provides high load capacity
and linear spring rate.
Sprung in both directions to Fewer
Fewer body
body
compensate for pump open
force.
connections
connections reduce
reduce
potential
potential for
for
connection
connection failure
failure
Stop Nut
will remove all parts of
shock tool if connection
accidentally backed off.
Hydrostatically
Hydrostatically
balanced
balanced

6
 Shock Tool Selection
for Large Diameter Holes
CONVENTIONAL PREFFERED
ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY

8” DRILL COLLARS

8” SHOCK TOOL 11” SHOCK TOOL

MANDREL DIA. MANDREL DIA.
5.50” 8.00”

17 1/2” BIT

7
Recommended Shock Tool Placement
For
For maximum
maximum effectiveness,
effectiveness, the
the shock
shock tool
tool should
should be
be
placed
placed immediately
immediately above
above the
the bit
bit (fig
(fig 1.)
1.) to
to minimize
minimize
the
the amount
amount of
of unsprung
unsprung mass
mass below
below the
the tool.
tool.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
8
DRILLING JARS

9
 What is a Drilling Jar?

- On the outside, a jar

looks like a drill collar.
Typically they have the
same OD and ID to
permit the mud to flow
through it.

- On the inside, the jar is

a sliding mandrel that
allows the axial
acceleration of the
drill string above the jar.

- The travel is limited by a “stop” (hammer) on the

mandrel and a “stop” (anvil) on the outer sleeve .

- Between the end of the Up-stroke and the Down-stroke

is the “cocked” position.

10
 How Does the Jar Work?
- Free stroke of jar turns static energy into kinetic energy.
- Sudden stop of accelerated mass creates a “JARRING” or
impact force against the stuck section.
- The “JARRING” or impact force amplifies the existing force
several times.

11
Mechanical Drilling Jars

ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES ::
-- locked
locked in
in position
position until
until needed
needed
-- less
less restriction
restriction to
to location
location in
in BHA
BHA
-- will
will not
not jar
jar unexpectedly
unexpectedly tripping
tripping
-- no
no special
special procedures
procedures required
required
when
when tripping
tripping inin or
or out
out of
of the
the hole
hole
-- no
no safety
safety collar
collar oror special
special handling
handling
procedures
procedures required
required onon rig
rig floor
floor
-- minimal
minimal wear
wear during
during normal
normal drilling
drilling

DISADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
-- cannot
cannot vary
vary jarring
jarring force
force downhole
downhole
-- fires
fires immediately
immediately asas lock
lock setting
setting is
is
overcome,
overcome, jarring
jarring may
may damage
damage
hoisting
hoisting equipment
equipment
-- rotary
rotary type
type affected
affected byby torque
torque

12
Hydraulic Drilling Jars

ADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES:
-- jarring
jarring force
force can
can be
be changed
changed
downhole
downhole byby changing
changing the
the amount
amount
of
of overpull.
overpull.
-- time
time delay
delay allows
allows brake
brake to
to be
be
applied
applied to
to protect
protect hoisting
hoisting
equipment.
equipment.

DISADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
-- will
will jar
jar unexpectedly
unexpectedly when when tripping
tripping
or picking up singles.
or picking up singles.
-- restricted
restricted to to location
location inin BHA.
BHA.
Must
Must usually
usually be be run
run in
in tension.
tension.
-- requires
requires special
special procedures
procedures whenwhen
tripping
tripping inin or
or out
out of
of hole.
hole.
-- safety
safety collar
collar required
required when
when
handling
handling on on rig
rig floor.
floor.
-- axial
axial movement
movement whilewhile drilling
drilling
accelerates
accelerates wear.
wear.
-- reputation
reputation for for failing
failing after
after
prolonged
prolonged jarring.
jarring.

13
 GRIFFITH
Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
Combines advantages and eliminates
disadvantages of each type.

HYDRAULIC
HYDRAULIC DELAY:
DELAY:
-- allows
allows jarring
jarring force
force to
to be
be varied
varied
downhole
downhole byby changing
changing amount
amount of of
overpull.
overpull.
-- allows
allows brake
brake to
to be
be applied
applied to
to protect
protect
hoisting
hoisting equipment.
equipment.

MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL LATCH:
LATCH:
-- locks
locks jar
jar in
in neutral
neutral or or “cocked”
“cocked”
position.
position.
-- prevents
prevents unintentional
unintentional firingfiring while
while
tripping in or out of the
tripping in or out of the hole. hole.
-- no
no safety
safety collar
collar oror special
special procedures
procedures
required on rig floor.
required on rig floor.
-- placement
placement in in BHA
BHA lessless restricted
restricted
prevents
prevents wear during normal drilling
wear during normal drilling
operations.
operations.
-- linear
linear type
type latch
latch isis not
not affected
affected by by
torque.
torque.
14
 GRIFFITH
Hydraulic/Mechanical
Drilling Jar

1) overpull is
applied

3) jar enters into

hydraulic delay

latches lock jar in

place until needed 2) latches release

15

15
 GRIFFITH
Hydraulic/Mechanical
Drilling Jar

6) impact
5) mass above jar
accelerates upward

4) jar reaches by-pass area

and “releases” mandrel

acceleration impact 16
 GRIFFITH Hydraulic/Mechanical
Drilling Jar
Splined Mandrel
Fully
Fully Sealed
Sealed and
and Oil
Oil large diameter for max
Bath
Bath Lubricated
Lubricated to
to stiffness
prevent
prevent wear.
wear.
Hydrostatically
Hydrostatically
balanced.
balanced.
Splined Chamber
independently sealed
Knocker
and lubricated
jarring forces are not
transmitted though internal
threads

Hydraulic Chamber Pressure Seals

independently sealed
to prevent contamination
from spline and latch
chambers
designed for long service
Special Metering Device
compensates for viscosity
change to maintain
consistent delay timing

Fewer
Fewer body
body connections
connections
reduces
reduces potential
potential for
for
Latch Chamber
connection
connection failure.
failure.
independently sealed
and lubricated
Balancing Piston
allows for thermal
Linear expansion of lubricant
Linear latch
latch not
not affected
affected
by
by torque.
torque.
Latch Safety Nut
Latch allows
allows jar
jar to
to be
be will remove all parts of
used
used in
in high
high drag
drag or
or jar from hole if connection
directional
directional wells.
wells. accidentally backs off
17
Bowen Hydro Mechanical Jar

18
 Bowen Hydro Mechanical Jar
Down Jar

Bowl Spacer
Sleeve
Spacer Sleeve
Bowl Liner Extension
Spacer Spring Friction
Friction Mandrel
Mandrel Liner
Liner Retainer
Friction Slip
Bowl Liner
Friction
Control Ring Mandrel
Plug Seal
Control
Control Ring
Ring
Plug

19
 Placement Guidelines

Basic
BasicGuidelines
GuidelinesFor
ForEffecient
EffecientOperation
Operation::
--totoavoid
avoidunintentional
unintentionaljarring,
jarring,the
thejar
jarmust
mustbe be
run in the latched position at all times.
run in the latched position at all times.
--dodonot
notplace
placethe
thejar
jarbetween
betweendrill
drillcollars
collarsofof
different diameters.
different diameters.
--the
thejar
jarshould
shouldnotnotbe
beplaced
placedbelow
belowtools
toolsof
of
larger diameter.
larger diameter.
- place the jar at least two drill collars above the
top most stabilizer.
--in
ingeneral,
general,the
thecloser
closertotothe
thestuck
stuckpoint
pointthe
thejar
jar
is the more effective the jar will be.
is the more effective the jar will be.
--ensure
ensurethat
thatsufficient
sufficientmass
massisisabove
abovethethejar
jarto
to
provide the necessary mass to release the
provide the necessary mass to release the jar jar
down.
down.

20
 The Jarring Forces
Impact and Impulse
- determine Jarring Efficiency

Impact
- the measure of the force generated at the
stuck point.

Impulse
- the measure of both how hard the impact
is
and how long the impact lasts.
Generally speaking:
- the less mass above the jar, the higher the
impact, the lower the impulse.

- the more mass above the jar, the lower the

impact, the higher the impulse.

21
 The Jarring Forces
Which is better…
high peak force (impact) or high impulse?

High impulse
- better for differential sticking as it takes a long hard
pull to free the string.

High impact
- better for mechanical sticking as it requires a sharp
impact for fracturing rock or breaking through.

The “Jarring Trade-off”

A force of long duration (impulse) will not move the stuck
section if the peak force (impact) does not exceed the
sticking force.

A peak force (impact) that exceeds the sticking force but

lasts only for a short time will not cause sufficient
movement in the stuck section.

Since it generally unknown what you’ll have,

it is desirable to optimize the two events.
22
 Placement Variables
Anticipated type of Sticking:
- mechanical
- differential
Anticipated Stuck Point:
- at bit
- in stabilization
- in drill collars/heavyweight drill pipe
Forces on the Jar while Drilling:
- tension or compression
- neutral point (range)
- WOB range
- pump open force
Forces on the Jar while Tripping:
- weight below the jar
- pump open force
- dynamic forces (hoisting, setting slips etc.)
- wall drag
Forces Required during Jarring:
- overpull available to jar up
(length and size of drill pipe)
- mass above jar to fire down
Hydraulics:
- differential pressure at the jar
- bit pressure drop
- mud properties 23
 RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGE
6 1/4” - 6 1/2” GRIFFITH HYDRAULIC/ MECHANICAL DRILLING JAR
Series :339
Tool OD :6.25/6.50 in
Tool ID :2.25 in
Maximum Recommended Hole Diameter :9 7/8 in
Standard Mechanical Latch Setting :UP 90,000 lbs
:DWN 40,000 lbs
Pump Open Area :9.60 sq.in.
Maximum Tensile Load After Jarring :755,000 lbs
180

160

MAXIMUM OVERPULL
140
DURING HYDRAULIC
DELAY
120
LOAD
ON JAR 100
(1000 Lbs)
80
MECHANICAL LATCH
RELEASE UP
60
TENSION

40
50% OF UP
20 LATCH
RECOMMENDED OPERATING
0
RANGE WHILE DRILLING

20

40 50% OF DOWN
LATCH
COMPRESSION
60 MECHANICAL LATCH
RELEASE DOWN
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (psi) AT JAR

- If latch forces are not exceeded, jar will remain latched in the neutral position. To provide a
safety factor during normal drilling activities, load on jar should not exceed fifty percent of up
or down latch settings.

- Horizontal line from load on Jar should intersect vertical line from pressure drop at jar within
non-shaded area. 24
- Observe maximum overpull during hydraulic delay.
MUD MOTORS

25
 Positive Displacement Motors

By-Pass Valve
• Moineau Principle, Positive
Displacement, Progressive Cavity Mud (Top Sub)
Motor

• Converts mud flow and pressure into

rotation and torque
– Increased flow, increased speed
Power Section
– Increased pressure, increased torque

Transmission

FLOW seal

Output shaft /
Bearing Assy

ROTATION rotor

stator

26
Positive Displacement Motors

• Available in a wide variety of lobe

configurations
– High Speed, low torque, 1/2 lobe
configuration
– Low and Medium Speed, High torque,
multi-lobe from 4/5 to 9/10 lob
configurations.
• Additional stage motors available for
performance drilling
• By-pass rotor with nozzle, to allow
higher flow rates and annular velocities.

1:2 3:4 7:8

27
Operational Benefits of using a PDM

High Pressure Fluid

• Improved motor, bit,
and MWD technology Rotary Table
provide alternatives to
conventional methods in
an increasing number of
applications.
• Can increase “on
bottom” time.
• Reduce downhole
vibrations and
rotational stresses
applied to bit and
drillstring.
• Applies greater
application of power at
bit than conventional
rotary methods.

<30% of 28
PDM > 80%
Power to Bit
 Physical Benefits of using a PDM
• Wear and tear of the swivel, kelly, rotary
and rotary drives are reduced.
• More fuel efficient.
– power for mud pumps to drive a PDM and
bit is less than the power required to
drive a rotating string.
• Decrease outside diameter wear of
drillstring.
• Decrease inside diameter wear of casing.
• An effective PDM matched to the bit and
formation provide better
rates of penentration.
Higher Rate of Penetration
= Lower cost per foot drilled.

29
 Economic Benefits of using a PDM

Conventional PDM Performance

Drilling

• higher
vibration and • less vibration and
stresses stresses
• less power • more power transmitted
transmitted to to bit
bit
• more control over
•less control deviation and doglegs
over deviation
and doglegs • less drill pipe and casing
wear
• more drill pipe
and casing wear • less wear on surface
machinery
• more wear on
surface • uses less fuel
machinery • higher rate of
• uses more fuel penetration

• lower rate of ex. 19 ft/hr

penetration
ex. 9 ft/hr

30
Bottom Line = LOWER COST PER FOOT DRILLED
 Case Histories of Straight Hole
Performance Drilling

KCS
KCS Medallion
Medallion--Wheeler
WheelerCnty,
Cnty,Panhandle
Panhandle
Rotary
Rotary==13’
13’//hour
hour
Motor
Motor==28’
28’//hour
hour
--13k
13kft
ftwells,
wells,reduced
reducedrecord
recordtime
timeby
by55days.
days.
--663/4”-7/8,
3/4”-7/8,5.0
5.0stg
stgin
in777/8”
7/8”hole
hole

Mitchell
Mitchell Energy
Energy==Wise
WiseCnty,
Cnty,N.
N.Of
OfFort
FortWorth
Worth
Rotary
Rotary==30’
30’//hour
hour
Motor
Motor==60’
60’//hour
hour
--661/4”-7/8,
1/4”-7/8,4.8
4.8stg
stgin
in777/8”
7/8”hole
hole

Hickman
Hickman Drilling
Drilling==Blaine
BlaineCnty,
Cnty,Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Rotary
Rotary==2’2’//hour
hour
Motor
Motor==12’
12’//hour
hour
--333/8”-4/5,
3/8”-4/5,5.0 5.0stg
stgin
in443/4”
3/4”hole
hole

31
 Trudril/Vector Mud Motors
- Trudril / Vector offer the most versatile range of Downhole Motors and
accessories available to the industry from 1 11/16” to 11 1/4”.

- Trudril / Vector Motors have an established reputation for providing

reliability,efficiency and innovative design. Ex. Dyno test of each motor

- Trudril / Vector is the largest independent motor supplier in the oil/gas

industry, supplying rental/lease motors to directional companies and to the
operator for straight hole motors. Trudril / Vector sells motor components
to Halliburton, Sperry - Sun, Anadril, and Baker - Hughes, Drilex, Bico.

Dump or Top Sub

Motor section

sealed and lubricated

Adjustable / Bent / drive shaft universal
Straight Housing joints

Sealed and lubricated

bearing assembly
Optional screw-on
stabilizer (larger
diameter motors only)

32
 Features/Advantages
Trudril/Vector Motor Components
Simple four piece 3 degree adjustable
housing
Large internal clearance to maximize
drive shaft size and strength

Drive shaft and universal joints

manufactured from proprietary
high strength steel.
Designed specifically for high
performance power sections.

Fully sealed and oil bath lubricated

universal joints.
Large drive ball for greater torque
handling capacity.

Fully sealed and oil bath lubricated

bearing assembly for long service life
and reduced wear.
Simple and proven reliable.

Large diameter single piece output

shaft. Maximizes bending strength
Minimizes number of internal
connections.

Large thrust bearings permits

maximum bit loads

Special thin section radial bearings

resistant to shock loads and allows
maximum output shaft diameter.

33
Operational Considerations
High Bottom Hole Temperatures (+250ºF)
•Rubber expansion causes tighter interference with rotor
•Increased temperature reduces strength of rubber in
stator
•Chunking of stator can occur
•Reduce interference fit between rotor and stator to
compensate for expansion
•Reduce maximum operating differential pressure at
higher temperatures.

Drilling Fluids
•Aromatic content of invert fluids swells and reduces
strength of stator rubber
•Aniline point of fluid: Temperature where fluid begins to
attack stator rubber
•Aniline point should be higher then bottom hole
temperature to avoid stator damage
•Avoid mud weights higher then 16 PPG, weight materials
abrasive and can lead to early failure
•Coarse LCM can plug motor and dump sub

Rotary Drilling with a Motor

•If motor stalls, drill string rotation will overrun motor
•Stator chunking can occur
•Watch pressure differential carefully
•Rotation with excessive bend setting will damage motor

34
 Flexible Pricing Structures
Different pricing structures have been
introduced to accommodate the operator
and/or drilling contractor:

A)
A)monthly
monthlylease
lease
B)
B)long
longterm
termlease
lease
C)
C)hourly
hourly
D)
D)day
dayrates
rates
E)
E)sale
sale(with
(withservicing)
servicing)

Pricing structures apply to:

1)
1)straight
straighthole
holedrilling
drilling
2)
2)conventional
conventionaldirectional
directionaldrilling
drilling
3)
3)horizontal
horizontaldrilling
drilling
4)
4)coil-tubing/well
coil-tubing/wellintervention
intervention

36