CARBURETION

• PRESENTED BY:
ASMAR AHMED 2016-UET-GSPCT-MECH-07
WASEEM AKRAM 2016-UET-GSPCT-MECH-10
ADEEL AKHTAR 2016-UET-GSPCT-MECH-13
MUHAMMAD SAFEER 2016-UET-GSPCT-MECH-16
MUHAMMAD SHOAIB 2016-UET-GSPCT-MECH-33

• PRESENTED BY:
ENGR. NASIR RAFIQUE
 CONTENTS
1. What is Carburetion/Carburetor?
2. Etymology of Carburetor?
3. History of Carburetor?
4. Types of Carburetor?
5. Components of Carburetor?
 WHAT IS CARBURETION?
› Carburetion is the function of introducing a jet (thin stream) of petroleum into a volume of
air that is being drawn through a pipe called a manifold. The air is enriched with petroleum
as it travels through the manifold into the combustion chamber. The petroleum-enriched
air, called the mixture, is compressed and ignited. It expands instantaneously, providing the
impetus that is the power stroke.
› And the device is used for this process is known as carburetor.
 ETYMOLOGY OF CARBURETOR?
› The word carburetor comes from the French carbure meaning "carbide". Carburer means
to combine with carbon (compare also carburizing). In fuel chemistry, the term has the
more specific meaning of increasing the carbon (and therefore energy) content of a fluid by
mixing it with a volatile hydrocarbon.
 HISTORY OF CARBURETOR?
› The first carburetor was invented by Samuel Morey in 1826. first person to patent a carburetor for
use in a petroleum engine was Siegfried Marcus with his 6 July 1872 patent for a device which
mixes fuel with air.
› A carburetor was among the early patents by Karl Benz  1888, as he developed internal
combustion engines and their components.
› Early carburetors were of the surface type, in which air is combined with fuel by passing over the
surface of gasoline.
› In 1885, Wilhelm Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler developed a float carburetor based on
the atomizer nozzle. The Daimler-Maybach carburetor was copied extensively, leading to patent
lawsuits. British courts rejected the Daimler company's claim of priority in favor of Edward
Butler's 1884 spray carburetor used on his Petrol Cycle.
› Hungarian engineers János Csonka and Donát Bánki patented a carburetor for a stationary
engine in 1893.
›  In 1896, Frederick and his brother built a gasoline-driven car in England, a single cylinder 5 hp
(3.7 kW) internal combustion engine with chain drive.
 HISTORY OF CARBURETOR?
› Carburetors were the common method of fuel delivery for most US-made gasoline engines
until the late 1980s, when fuel injection became the preferred method.  In the U.S. market,
the last cars using carburetors were:
› 1990 (General public) : Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Buick Estate Wagon, 
Cadillac Brougham, Honda Prelude (Base Model), Subaru Justy
› 1991 (Police) : Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor with the 5.8 L (351 cu in) V8 engine.
› 1991 (SUV) : Jeep Grand Wagoneer with the AMC 360 cu in (5.9 L) V8 engine.

› 1993 (Light Truck) : Mazda B2200

› 1994 (Light truck) : Isuzu
› In Australia, some cars continued to use carburetors well into the 1990s; these included
the Honda Civic (1993), the Ford Laser (1994), the Mazda 323 and Mitsubishi Magna
sedans (1996), the Daihatsu Charade (1997), and the Suzuki Swift (1999).
› Low-cost commercial vans and 4WDs in Australia continued with carburetors even into the
2000s, the last being the Mitsubishi Express van in 2003. Elsewhere, certain Lada cars used
carburetors until 2006. Many motorcycles still use carburetors for simplicity's sake, since a
carburetor does not require an electrical system to function.
› Carburetors are also still found in small engines and in older or specialized automobiles, such
as those designed for stock car racing, though NASCAR's 2011 Sprint Cup season was the last
one with carbureted engines; electronic fuel injection was used beginning with the 2012 race
season in Cup.
› In Europe, carburetor-engined cars were being gradually phased out by the end of the 1980s
in favor of fuel injection, which was already the established type of engine on more expensive
vehicles including luxury and sports.
› Luxury car manufacturer Mercedes-Benz had been producing mechanically fuel-injected cars
since the early 1950s, while the first mainstream family car to feature fuel injection was the 
Volkswagen Golf GTI in 1976.
› Ford's first fuel-injected car was the Ford Capri in 1970.
›  General Motors launched its first fuel-injected car in 1957 as an option available for the first
generation Corvette. Saab switched to fuel injection across its whole range from 1982.
 TYPES OF CARBURETOR?
› Natural draft carburetor
› Updraft carburetor
› Downdraft carburetor
› Float type carburetor
1. Natural draft carburetor:
The natural draft carburetor is also known as side draft. If there is less space on the top of
the engine at that case this type of carburetor is used. The air must enter horizontally into
the manifold.
2. Updraft carburetor:
In this type of systems gravity fed fuel supply is used. The carburetor is place above the
fuel tank. By using the gravity the tank receives the fuel. In the engine the air fuel mixture
must be forced upwards.
 TYPES OF CARBURETOR?
3. Downdraft carburetor:
The downdraft carburetors operate at the
lower air velocities and larger passage. In
this the gravity assists the air fuel mixture
flow to the cylinder. This carburetor can
deliver large measurements of fuel when
required for high power output and high
speed.
4. Float type carburetor:
The float is a small closed vessel made up of
a plastic or brass. In this carburetor
maintains a constant level of fuel in the float
bowl. The float works much like one in a
watering system, opening and closing a
needle valve as the float lowers or raises.
 PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETOR?
The carburetor works on Bernoulli's principle:
the faster air moves, the lower its static
pressure, and higher the dynamic pressure
is. The throttle(accelerator) linkage does not
directly control the flow of liquid fuel.
Instead, it actuates carburetor mechanisms
which meter the flow of air being carried into
the engine.
The speed of this flow, and therefore its (static) pressure, determines the amount of fuel
drawn into the airstream.
 TYPES OF VENTURI IN CARBURETOR?
1. Plain or Single Carburetor Venturi:
This type of carburettor venturi is known as
‘Plain or Single’ venturi. It employs only the
Single venturi which acts as the main venturi
thru’ which the air passes to the engine
intake manifold. Thus, ‘Plain’ Venturi
carburettor uses fixed venturi. In which, the
varying air velocity alters the fuel flow. Most
carburettors in cars and bike use this type of
design.
2. Double Carburetor Venturi:
The carburetor with this design has two
venturies. One is main carburettor venturi
and the other is primary or boost venturi.
Thru’ which, the air has to pass to the intake
manifold. This results in better vaporization
and atomization. It also provides more
control of fuel entering the air stream. Its
performance is more refined than the ‘Plain /
Single’ Venturi carburettor.
 TYPES OF VENTURI IN CARBURETOR?
3. Triple Carburetor Venturi:
This design employs three carburettor
venturies. Apart from the main venturi, there
is a primary venturi and also a secondary
venturi. Even, more control and atomization
occurs with a triple venturi design.
Furthermore, the discharge tube feeds fuel
into the smallest venturi for maximum
control and atomization. Thus, it further
refines the performance than the ‘Single’ and
‘Double’ venturi carburettors.
4. Vane Carburetor Venturi:
The Vane venturi employs a vane or a blade.
It is attached to a rotating axis which is
pushed by the incoming air. It further helps
in reducing the air pressure. And thus,
increases the vacuum or negative pressure.
Additionally, vane type carburettor venturi
varies the venturi area of a carburettor
corresponding to the opening of a throttle
valve. Thereby, it enhances the injection of
fuel and air-fuel ratio.
5. Nozzle Bar Carburetor Venturi:
This design is more like the ‘Plain or Single’
venturi with a fuel jet nozzle embedded into
it. The nozzle sprays fuel into the incoming
air depending upon the opening of the
throttle. In addition, the Nozzle Bar provides
a discharge nozzle which distributes the fuel
so that the carburettor can break it up into
smaller particles.
6. Variable Carburetor Venturi:
However, some carburettors have changing
or variable carburetor venturi. A variable
venturi increases its size according to
engine’s demands. As the driver presses the
throttle pedal, the venturi size increases
while it decreases when the throttle pedal is
released. 
COMPONENTS OF CARBURETOR?
1. Choke Valve:
A choke valve is sometimes installed in the carburetor of internal combustion engines. Its
purpose is to restrict the flow of air, thereby enriching the fuel-air mixture while starting the
engine. It regulates how much air can flow in. If the choke is closed, less air flows down
through the pipe and the venturi sucks in more fuel, so the engine gets a fuel-rich mixture.
2. Venturi:
Carburettor venturi  is a ’tube or passage’ that decreases considerably. It is narrower at the
center and thru’ which the air must pass. As the same amount of air must pass thru’ this
tube, its velocity or speed is greatest at the narrowest point of the tube. If you reduce this
area, even more, the velocity of the air increases. As a result, it proportionately increases the
suction of fuel.
3. Throttle Valve:
The throttle on a gasoline engine is typically a butterfly valve. In a fuel-injected engine,
the throttle valve is placed on the entrance of the intake manifold, or housed in the throttle
body.
4. Float chamber:
A float chamber is a device for automatically regulating the supply of a liquid to a
system. It is most typically found in the carburettor of an internal combustion engine,
where it automatically meters the fuel supply to the engine.
5. Accelerator pump:
The accelerator pump is responsible for providing the momentary additional fuel
needed under heavy acceleration conditions. When the pedal is suddenly pressed,
the throttle will suddenly open, immediately adding additional air for additional power.
6. Main circuit:
If the throttle valve is gradually opened, then high amount of air is allowed through the
pipe and also into the engine. The idle and idle-off engines are ceased to function as
the manifold vacuum is now lowered. Through the venturi the air flow increases and
the Bernoulli’s affects the lower pressure in the pipe and the velocity increases. It
sucks the fuel into the air stream through a jet air craft into the center of the throat.